Privacy in Radio Frequency Identity Documents
Abstract: The use of contactless technology in identity documents is new and drawing significant attention by the lay and technical press, legislators and policy makers at the state and national levels, and a variety of pundits and privacy advocates. Examples of these technologies include the new United States passport, which began in August of this year to include a contactless chip to improve the security of the passport; the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative PASS card, which is expected to include a contactless chip; and the more secure drivers’ license, which was mandated by the Real ID Act of 2005 and may well include a contactless chip. The situation is a complex one, with concerns over security and user privacy being voiced by many. These concerns, whether real or imagined, must be addressed if the technology and its benefits are to be adopted by our governments and society at large.
This paper describes privacy concerns being voiced today regarding the use of contactless technologies in identity documents, the differences between RFID and contactless smart card systems, and the methods available in each of these systems to protect privacy. (A companion paper addresses the security issues in identity documents.) The paper concludes with privacy recommendations for how contactless technologies should be used in ID documents.
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