SBOS793G April   2017  – May 2020 INA181 , INA2181 , INA4181

PRODUCTION DATA.  

  1. 1 Features
  2. 2 Applications
  3. 3 Description
    1.     Device Images
      1.      Typical Application Circuit
  4. 4 Revision History
  5. 5 Device Comparison Table
  6. 6 Pin Configuration and Functions
    1.     Pin Functions: INA181 (Single Channel)
    2.     Pin Functions: INA2181 (Dual Channel) and INA4181 (Quad Channel)
  7. 7 Specifications
    1. 7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 7.2 ESD Ratings
    3. 7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 7.4 Thermal Information
    5. 7.5 Electrical Characteristics
    6. 7.6 Typical Characteristics
  8. 8 Detailed Description
    1. 8.1 Overview
    2. 8.2 Functional Block Diagrams
    3. 8.3 Feature Description
      1. 8.3.1 High Bandwidth and Slew Rate
      2. 8.3.2 Bidirectional Current Monitoring
      3. 8.3.3 Wide Input Common-Mode Voltage Range
      4. 8.3.4 Precise Low-Side Current Sensing
      5. 8.3.5 Rail-to-Rail Output Swing
    4. 8.4 Device Functional Modes
      1. 8.4.1 Normal Mode
      2. 8.4.2 Unidirectional Mode
      3. 8.4.3 Bidirectional Mode
      4. 8.4.4 Input Differential Overload
      5. 8.4.5 Shutdown Mode
  9. 9 Application and Implementation
    1. 9.1 Application Information
      1. 9.1.1 Basic Connections
      2. 9.1.2 RSENSE and Device Gain Selection
      3. 9.1.3 Signal Filtering
      4. 9.1.4 Summing Multiple Currents
      5. 9.1.5 Detecting Leakage Currents
    2. 9.2 Typical Application
      1. 9.2.1 Design Requirements
      2. 9.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
      3. 9.2.3 Application Curve
  10. 10Power Supply Recommendations
    1. 10.1 Common-Mode Transients Greater Than 26 V
  11. 11Layout
    1. 11.1 Layout Guidelines
    2. 11.2 Layout Example
  12. 12Device and Documentation Support
    1. 12.1 Device Support
      1. 12.1.1 Development Support
    2. 12.2 Documentation Support
      1. 12.2.1 Related Documentation
    3. 12.3 Related Links
    4. 12.4 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
    5. 12.5 Support Resources
    6. 12.6 Trademarks
    7. 12.7 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    8. 12.8 Glossary
  13. 13Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

Package Options

Mechanical Data (Package|Pins)
Thermal pad, mechanical data (Package|Pins)
Orderable Information

9.1.2 RSENSE and Device Gain Selection

The accuracy of the INAx181 is maximized by choosing the current-sense resistor to be as large as possible. A large sense resistor maximizes the differential input signal for a given amount of current flow and reduces the error contribution of the offset voltage. However, there are practical limits as to how large the current-sense resistor can be in a given application. The INAx181 have typical input bias currents of 75 µA for each input when operated at a 12-V common-mode voltage input. When large current-sense resistors are used, these bias currents cause increased offset error and reduced common-mode rejection. Therefore, using current-sense resistors larger than a few ohms is generally not recommended for applications that require current-monitoring accuracy. A second common restriction on the value of the current-sense resistor is the maximum allowable power dissipation that is budgeted for the resistor. Equation 2 gives the maximum value for the current sense resistor for a given power dissipation budget:

Equation 2. INA181 INA2181 INA4181 Rsense_PDmax_bos793.gif

where

  • PDMAX is the maximum allowable power dissipation in RSENSE.
  • IMAX is the maximum current that will flow through RSENSE.

An additional limitation on the size of the current-sense resistor and device gain is due to the power-supply voltage, VS, and device swing to rail limitations. In order to make sure that the current-sense signal is properly passed to the output, both positive and negative output swing limitations must be examined. Equation 3 provides the maximum values of RSENSE and GAIN to keep the device from hitting the positive swing limitation.

Equation 3. INA181 INA2181 INA4181 ina181_rsense_sp_equation.gif

where

  • IMAX is the maximum current that will flow through RSENSE.
  • GAIN is the gain of the current sense-amplifier.
  • VSP is the positive output swing as specified in the data sheet.
  • VREF is the externally applied voltage on the REF pin.

To avoid positive output swing limitations when selecting the value of RSENSE, there is always a trade-off between the value of the sense resistor and the gain of the device under consideration. If the sense resistor selected for the maximum power dissipation is too large, then it is possible to select a lower-gain device in order to avoid positive swing limitations.

The negative swing limitation places a limit on how small of a sense resistor can be used in a given application. Equation 4 provides the limit on the minimum size of the sense resistor.

Equation 4. INA181 INA2181 INA4181 Rsense_SN_bos793.gif

where

  • IMIN is the minimum current that will flow through RSENSE.
  • GAIN is the gain of the current sense amplifier.
  • VSN is the negative output swing of the device (see Rail-to-Rail Output Swing).
  • VREF is the externally applied voltage on the REF pin.

In addition to adjusting the offset and gain, the voltage applied to the REF pin can be slightly increased to avoid negative swing limitations.