The load-step transient response is the LDO output voltage response to load current, whereby output voltage regulation is maintained. There are two key transitions during a load transient response: the transition from a light to a heavy load, and the transition from a heavy to a light load. The regions shown in Figure 8-9 are broken down in this section. Regions A, E, and H are where the output voltage is in steady-state regulation.

Figure 8-9 Load Transient Waveform

During transitions from a light load to a heavy load:

• The initial voltage dip is a result of the depletion of the output capacitor charge and parasitic impedance to the output capacitor (region B)
• Recovery from the dip results from the LDO increasing its sourcing current, and leads to output voltage regulation (region C)

During transitions from a heavy load to a light load:

• The initial voltage rise results from the LDO sourcing a large current, and leads to the output capacitor charge to increase (region F)
• Recovery from the rise results from the LDO decreasing its sourcing current in combination with the load discharging the output capacitor (region G)

Transitions between current levels changes the internal power dissipation because the device is a high-current device (region D). The change in power dissipation changes the die temperature during these transitions, and leads to a slightly different voltage level. This temperature-dependent output voltage level shows up in the various load transient responses.

A larger output capacitance reduces the peaks during a load transient but slows down the response time of the device. A larger dc load also reduces the peaks because the amplitude of the transition is lowered and a higher current discharge path is provided for the output capacitor.