SBAS501C May   2013  – August 2016 ADS1220

PRODUCTION DATA.  

  1. Features
  2. Applications
  3. Description
  4. Revision History
  5. Pin Configuration and Functions
  6. Specifications
    1. 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 6.2 ESD Ratings
    3. 6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 6.4 Thermal Information
    5. 6.5 Electrical Characteristics
    6. 6.6 SPI Timing Requirements
    7. 6.7 SPI Switching Characteristics
    8. 6.8 Typical Characteristics
  7. Parameter Measurement Information
    1. 7.1 Noise Performance
  8. Detailed Description
    1. 8.1 Overview
    2. 8.2 Functional Block Diagram
    3. 8.3 Feature Description
      1. 8.3.1  Multiplexer
      2. 8.3.2  Low-Noise PGA
        1. 8.3.2.1 PGA Common-Mode Voltage Requirements
        2. 8.3.2.2 Bypassing the PGA
      3. 8.3.3  Modulator
      4. 8.3.4  Digital Filter
      5. 8.3.5  Output Data Rate
      6. 8.3.6  Voltage Reference
      7. 8.3.7  Clock Source
      8. 8.3.8  Excitation Current Sources
      9. 8.3.9  Low-Side Power Switch
      10. 8.3.10 Sensor Detection
      11. 8.3.11 System Monitor
      12. 8.3.12 Offset Calibration
      13. 8.3.13 Temperature Sensor
        1. 8.3.13.1 Converting from Temperature to Digital Codes
          1. 8.3.13.1.1 For Positive Temperatures (for Example, 50°C):
          2. 8.3.13.1.2 For Negative Temperatures (for Example, -25°C):
        2. 8.3.13.2 Converting from Digital Codes to Temperature
    4. 8.4 Device Functional Modes
      1. 8.4.1 Power-Up and Reset
      2. 8.4.2 Conversion Modes
        1. 8.4.2.1 Single-Shot Mode
        2. 8.4.2.2 Continuous Conversion Mode
      3. 8.4.3 Operating Modes
        1. 8.4.3.1 Normal Mode
        2. 8.4.3.2 Duty-Cycle Mode
        3. 8.4.3.3 Turbo Mode
        4. 8.4.3.4 Power-Down Mode
    5. 8.5 Programming
      1. 8.5.1 Serial Interface
        1. 8.5.1.1 Chip Select (CS)
        2. 8.5.1.2 Serial Clock (SCLK)
        3. 8.5.1.3 Data Ready (DRDY)
        4. 8.5.1.4 Data Input (DIN)
        5. 8.5.1.5 Data Output and Data Ready (DOUT/DRDY)
        6. 8.5.1.6 SPI Timeout
      2. 8.5.2 Data Format
      3. 8.5.3 Commands
        1. 8.5.3.1 RESET (0000 011x)
        2. 8.5.3.2 START/SYNC (0000 100x)
        3. 8.5.3.3 POWERDOWN (0000 001x)
        4. 8.5.3.4 RDATA (0001 xxxx)
        5. 8.5.3.5 RREG (0010 rrnn)
        6. 8.5.3.6 WREG (0100 rrnn)
      4. 8.5.4 Reading Data
      5. 8.5.5 Sending Commands
      6. 8.5.6 Interfacing with Multiple Devices
    6. 8.6 Register Map
      1. 8.6.1 Configuration Registers
        1. 8.6.1.1 Configuration Register 0 (offset = 00h) [reset = 00h]
        2. 8.6.1.2 Configuration Register 1 (offset = 01h) [reset = 00h]
        3. 8.6.1.3 Configuration Register 2 (offset = 02h) [reset = 00h]
        4. 8.6.1.4 Configuration Register 3 (offset = 03h) [reset = 00h]
  9. Application and Implementation
    1. 9.1 Application Information
      1. 9.1.1 Serial Interface Connections
      2. 9.1.2 Analog Input Filtering
      3. 9.1.3 External Reference and Ratiometric Measurements
      4. 9.1.4 Establishing a Proper Common-Mode Input Voltage
      5. 9.1.5 Unused Inputs and Outputs
      6. 9.1.6 Pseudo Code Example
    2. 9.2 Typical Applications
      1. 9.2.1 K-Type Thermocouple Measurement (-200°C to +1250°C)
        1. 9.2.1.1 Design Requirements
        2. 9.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        3. 9.2.1.3 Application Curves
      2. 9.2.2 3-Wire RTD Measurement (-200°C to +850°C)
        1. 9.2.2.1 Design Requirements
        2. 9.2.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
          1. 9.2.2.2.1 Design Variations for 2-Wire and 4-Wire RTD Measurements
        3. 9.2.2.3 Application Curves
      3. 9.2.3 Resistive Bridge Measurement
        1. 9.2.3.1 Design Requirements
        2. 9.2.3.2 Detailed Design Procedure
  10. 10Power Supply Recommendations
    1. 10.1 Power-Supply Sequencing
    2. 10.2 Power-Supply Ramp Rate
    3. 10.3 Power-Supply Decoupling
  11. 11Layout
    1. 11.1 Layout Guidelines
    2. 11.2 Layout Example
  12. 12Device and Documentation Support
    1. 12.1 Documentation Support
      1. 12.1.1 Related Documentation
    2. 12.2 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
    3. 12.3 Community Resources
    4. 12.4 Trademarks
    5. 12.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    6. 12.6 Glossary
  13. 13Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

8 Detailed Description

8.1 Overview

The ADS1220 is a small, low-power, 24-bit, ΔΣ ADC that offers many integrated features to reduce system cost and component count in applications measuring small sensor signals.

In addition to the ΔΣ ADC core and single-cycle settling digital filter, the device offers a low-noise, high input impedance, programmable gain amplifier (PGA), an internal voltage reference, and a clock oscillator. The device also integrates a highly linear and accurate temperature sensor as well as two matched programmable current sources (IDACs) for sensor excitation. All of these features are intended to reduce the required external circuitry in typical sensor applications and improve overall system performance. An additional low-side power switch eases the design of low-power bridge sensor applications. The device is fully configured through four registers and controlled by six commands through a mode 1 SPI-compatible interface. The Functional Block Diagram section shows the device functional block diagram.

The ADS1220 ADC measures a differential signal, VIN, which is the difference in voltage between nodes AINP and AINN. The converter core consists of a differential, switched-capacitor, ΔΣ modulator followed by a digital filter. The digital filter receives a high-speed bitstream from the modulator and outputs a code proportional to the input voltage. This architecture results in a very strong attenuation of any common-mode signal.

The device has two available conversion modes: single-shot and continuous conversion mode. In single-shot mode, the ADC performs one conversion of the input signal upon request and stores the value in an internal data buffer. The device then enters a low-power state to save power. Single-shot mode is intended to provide significant power savings in systems that require only periodic conversions, or when there are long idle periods between conversions. In continuous conversion mode, the ADC automatically begins a conversion of the input signal as soon as the previous conversion is completed. New data are available at the programmed data rate. Data can be read at any time without concern of data corruption and always reflect the most recently completed conversion.

8.2 Functional Block Diagram

ADS1220 fbd_detail_bas501.gif

8.3 Feature Description

8.3.1 Multiplexer

The device contains a very flexible input multiplexer, as shown in Figure 38. Either four single-ended signals, two differential signals, or a combination of two single-ended signals and one differential signal can be measured. The multiplexer is configured by four bits (MUX[3:0]) in the configuration register. When single-ended signals are measured, the negative ADC input (AINN) is internally connected to AVSS by a switch within the multiplexer. For system-monitoring purposes, the analog supply (AVDD – AVSS) / 4 or the currently-selected external reference voltage (V(REFPx) – V(REFNx)) / 4 can be selected as inputs to the ADC. The multiplexer also offers the possibility to route any of the two programmable current sources to any analog input (AINx) or to any dedicated reference pin (REFP0, REFN0).

ADS1220 mux_bas683.gif Figure 38. Analog Input Multiplexer

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) diodes to AVDD and AVSS protect the inputs. To prevent the ESD diodes from turning on, the absolute voltage on any input must stay within the range provided by Equation 4:

Equation 4. AVSS – 0.3 V < V(AINx) < AVDD + 0.3 V

If the voltages on the input pins have any potential to violate these conditions, external Schottky clamp diodes or series resistors may be required to limit the input current to safe values (see the Absolute Maximum Ratings table). Overdriving an unused input on the device may affect conversions taking place on other input pins. If any overdrive on unused inputs is possible, TI recommends clamping the signal with external Schottky diodes.

8.3.2 Low-Noise PGA

The device features a low-noise, low-drift, high input impedance, programmable gain amplifier (PGA). The PGA can be set to gains of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128. Three bits (GAIN[2:0]) in the configuration register are used to configure the gain. A simplified diagram of the PGA is shown in Figure 39. The PGA consists of two chopper-stabilized amplifiers (A1 and A2) and a resistor feedback network that sets the PGA gain. The PGA input is equipped with an electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter.

ADS1220 pga_CMVR_bas501.gif Figure 39. Simplified PGA Diagram

VIN denotes the differential input voltage VIN = (V(AINP) – V(AINN)). The gain of the PGA can be calculated with Equation 5:

Equation 5. Gain = 1 + 2 · RF / RG

Gain is changed inside the device using a variable resistor, RG. The differential full-scale input voltage range (FSR) of the PGA is defined by the gain setting and the reference voltage used, as shown in Equation 6:

Equation 6. FSR = ±Vref / Gain

Table 9 shows the corresponding full-scale ranges when using the internal 2.048-V reference.

Table 9. PGA Full-Scale Range

GAIN SETTING FSR
1 ±2.048 V
2 ±1.024 V
4 ±0.512 V
8 ±0.256 V
16 ±0.128 V
32 ±0.064 V
64 ±0.032 V
128 ±0.016 V

8.3.2.1 PGA Common-Mode Voltage Requirements

To stay within the linear operating range of the PGA, the input signals must meet certain requirements that are discussed in this section.

The outputs of both amplifiers (A1 and A2) in Figure 39 can not swing closer to the supplies (AVSS and AVDD) than 200 mV. If the outputs OUTP and OUTN are driven to within 200 mV of the supply rails, the amplifiers saturate and consequently become nonlinear. To prevent this nonlinear operating condition the output voltages must meet Equation 7:

Equation 7. AVSS + 0.2 V ≤ V(OUTN), V(OUTP) ≤ AVDD – 0.2 V

Translating the requirements of Equation 7 into requirements referred to the PGA inputs (AINP and AINN) is beneficial because there is no direct access to the outputs of the PGA. The PGA employs a symmetrical design, therefore the common-mode voltage at the output of the PGA can be assumed to be the same as the common-mode voltage of the input signal, as shown in Figure 40.

ADS1220 pga_CMVR_bas683.gif Figure 40. PGA Common-Mode Voltage

The common-mode voltage is calculated using Equation 8:

Equation 8. VCM = ½ (V(AINP) + V(AINN)) = ½ (V(OUTP) + V(OUTN))

The voltages at the PGA inputs (AINP and AINN) can be expressed as Equation 9 and Equation 10:

Equation 9. V(AINP) = VCM + ½ VIN
Equation 10. V(AINN) = VCM – ½ VIN

The output voltages (V(OUTP) and V(OUTN)) can then be calculated as Equation 11 and Equation 12:

Equation 11. V(OUTP) = VCM + ½ Gain · VIN
Equation 12. V(OUTN) = VCM – ½ Gain · VIN

The requirements for the output voltages of amplifiers A1 and A2 (Equation 7) can now be translated into requirements for the input common-mode voltage range using Equation 11 and Equation 12, which are given in Equation 13 and Equation 14:

Equation 13. VCM (MIN) ≥ AVSS + 0.2 V + ½ Gain · VIN (MAX)
Equation 14. VCM (MAX) ≤ AVDD – 0.2 V – ½ Gain · VIN (MAX)

In order to calculate the minimum and maximum common-mode voltage limits, the maximum differential input voltage (VIN (MAX)) that occurs in the application must be used. VIN (MAX) can be less than the maximum possible FS value.

In addition to Equation 13, the minimum VCM must also meet Equation 15 because of the specific design implementation of the PGA.

Equation 15. VCM (MIN) ≥ AVSS + ¼ (AVDD – AVSS)

Figure 41 and Figure 42 show a graphical representation of the common-mode voltage limits for AVDD = 3.3 V and AVSS = 0 V, with gain = 1 and gain = 16, respectively.

ADS1220 C009_bas501.png
AVDD = 3.3 V
Figure 41. Common-Mode Voltage Limits (Gain = 1)
ADS1220 C008_bas501.png
AVDD = 3.3 V
Figure 42. Common-Mode Voltage Limits (Gain = 16)

The following discussion explains how to apply Equation 13 through Equation 15 to a hypothetical application. The setup for this example is AVDD = 3.3 V, AVSS = 0 V, and gain = 16, using an external reference,
Vref = 2.5 V. The maximum possible differential input voltage VIN = (V(AINP) – V(AINN)) that can be applied is then limited to the full-scale range of FSR = ±2.5 V / 16 = ±0.156 V. Consequently, Equation 13 through Equation 15 yield an allowed VCM range of 1.45 V ≤ VCM ≤ 1.85 V.

If the sensor signal connected to the inputs in this hypothetical application does not make use of the entire full-scale range but is limited to VIN (MAX) = ±0.1 V, for example, then this reduced input signal amplitude relaxes the VCM restriction to 1.0 V ≤ VCM ≤ 2.3 V.

In the case of a fully-differential sensor signal, each input (AINP, AINN) can swing up to ±50 mV around the common-mode voltage (V(AINP) + V(AINN)) / 2, which must remain between the limits of 1.0 V and 2.3 V. The output of a symmetrical wheatstone bridge is an example of a fully-differential signal. Figure 43 shows a situation where the common-mode voltage of the input signal is at the lowest limit. V(OUTN) is exactly at 0.2 V in this case. Any further decrease in common-mode voltage (VCM) or increase in differential input voltage (VIN) drives V(OUTN) below 0.2 V and saturates amplifier A2.

ADS1220 pga_example_bas683.gif Figure 43. Example where VCM is at Lowest Limit

In contrast, the signal of an RTD is of a pseudo-differential nature (if implemented as shown in the RTD Measurement section), where the negative input is held at a constant voltage other than 0 V and only the voltage on the positive input changes. When a pseudo-differential signal must be measured, the negative input in this example must be biased at a voltage between 0.95 V and 2.25 V. The positive input can then swing up to
VIN (MAX) = 100 mV above the negative input. Note that in this case the common-mode voltage changes at the same time the voltage on the positive input changes. That is, while the input signal swings between 0 V ≤ VIN ≤ VIN (MAX), the common-mode voltage swings between V(AINN) ≤ VCM ≤ V(AINN) + ½ VIN (MAX). Satisfying the common-mode voltage requirements for the maximum input voltage VIN (MAX) ensures the requirements are met throughout the entire signal range.

Figure 44 and Figure 45 show examples of both fully-differential and pseudo-differential signals, respectively.

ADS1220 VCM_FullyDifferential_bas501.gif
Figure 44. Fully-Differential Input Signal
ADS1220 VCM_PseudoDifferential_bas501.gif
Figure 45. Pseudo-Differential Input Signal

NOTE

Remember, common-mode voltage requirements with PGA enabled (Equation 13 to Equation 15) are as follows:

  • VCM (MIN) ≥ AVSS + ¼ (AVDD – AVSS)
  • VCM (MIN) ≥ AVSS + 0.2 V + ½ Gain · VIN (MAX)
  • VCM (MAX) ≤ AVDD – 0.2 V – ½ Gain · VIN (MAX)

8.3.2.2 Bypassing the PGA

At gains of 1, 2, and 4, the device can be configured to disable and bypass the low-noise PGA by setting the PGA_BYPASS bit in the configuration register. Disabling the PGA lowers the overall power consumption and also removes the restrictions of Equation 13 through Equation 15 for the common-mode input voltage range, VCM. The usable absolute and common-mode input voltage range is (AVSS – 0.1 V ≤ V(AINx), VCM ≤ AVDD + 0.1 V) when the PGA is disabled.

In order to measure single-ended signals that are referenced to AVSS (AINP = VIN, AINN = AVSS), the PGA must be bypassed. Configure the device for single-ended measurements by either connecting one of the analog inputs to AVSS externally or by using the internal AVSS connection of the multiplexer (MUX[3:0] settings 1000 through 1011). When configuring the internal multiplexer for settings where AINN = AVSS (MUX[3:0] = 1000 through 1011) the PGA is automatically bypassed and disabled irrespective of the PGA_BYPASS setting and gain is limited to 1, 2, and 4. In case gain is set to greater than 4, the device limits gain to 4.

When the PGA is disabled, the device uses a buffered switched-capacitor stage to obtain gains of 1, 2, and 4. An internal buffer in front of the switched-capacitor stage ensures that the effect on the input loading resulting from the capacitor charging and discharging is minimal. See Figure 21 to Figure 26 for the typical values of absolute input currents (current flowing into or out of each input) and differential input currents (difference in absolute current between positive and negative input) when the PGA is disabled.

For signal sources with high output impedance, external buffering may still be necessary. Note that active buffers introduce noise and also introduce offset and gain errors. Consider all of these factors in high-accuracy applications.

8.3.3 Modulator

A ΔΣ modulator is used in the ADS1220 to convert the analog input voltage into a pulse code modulated (PCM) data stream. The modulator runs at a modulator clock frequency of f(MOD) = f(CLK) / 16 in normal and duty-cycle mode and f(MOD) = f(CLK) / 8 in turbo mode, where f(CLK) is either provided by the internal oscillator or the external clock source. Table 10 shows the modulator frequency for each operating mode using either the internal oscillator or an external clock of 4.096 MHz.

Table 10. Modulator Clock Frequency for Different Operating Modes(1)

OPERATING MODE f(MOD)
Duty-cycle mode 256 kHz
Normal mode 256 kHz
Turbo mode 512 kHz
(1) Using the internal oscillator or an external 4.096-MHz clock.

8.3.4 Digital Filter

The device uses a linear-phase finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter that performs both filtering and decimation of the digital data stream coming from the modulator. The digital filter is automatically adjusted for the different data rates and always settles within a single cycle. At data rates of 5 SPS and 20 SPS, the filter can be configured to reject 50-Hz or 60-Hz line frequencies or to simultaneously reject 50 Hz and 60 Hz. Two bits (50/60[1:0]) in the configuration register are used to configure the filter accordingly. The frequency responses of the digital filter are illustrated in Figure 46 to Figure 59 for different output data rates using the internal oscillator or an external 4.096-MHz clock.

The filter notches and output data rate scale proportionally with the clock frequency. For example, a notch that appears at 20 Hz when using a 4.096-MHz clock appears at 10 Hz if a 2.048-MHz clock is used. Note that the internal oscillator can vary over temperature as specified in the Electrical Characteristics table. The data rate or conversion time, respectively, and filter notches consequently vary by the same amount. Consider using an external precision clock source if a digital filter notch at a specific frequency with a tighter tolerance is required.

ADS1220 C049_filter_20SPS_5060Hz_bas501.png
Simultaneous 50-Hz and 60-Hz Rejection, 50/60[1:0] = 01
Figure 46. Filter Response
(DR = 20 SPS)
ADS1220 C050_20SPS_5060Hz_zoomed_bas501.png
Simultaneous 50-Hz and 60-Hz Rejection, 50/60[1:0] = 01
Figure 47. Detailed View of Filter Response
(DR = 20 SPS)
ADS1220 C045_20SPS_50Hz_bas501.png
50-Hz Rejection Only, 50/60[1:0] = 10
Figure 48. Filter Response
(DR = 20 SPS)
ADS1220 C047_filter_20SPS_60Hz_bas501.png
60-Hz Rejection Only, 50/60[1:0] = 11
Figure 50. Filter Response
(DR = 20 SPS)
ADS1220 C051_20SPS_No_5060Hz_bas501.png
50/60[1:0] = 00
Figure 52. Filter Response
(DR = 20 SPS)
ADS1220 C053_filter_90SPS_bas501.png
Figure 54. Filter Response
(DR = 90 SPS)
ADS1220 C055_filter_330SPS_bas501.png
Figure 56. Filter Response
(DR = 330 SPS)
ADS1220 C057_filter_1kSPS_bas501.png
Figure 58. Filter Response
(DR = 1 kSPS)
ADS1220 C046_20SPS_50Hz_zoomed_bas501.png
50-Hz Rejection Only, 50/60[1:0] = 10
Figure 49. Detailed View of Filter Response
(DR = 20 SPS)
ADS1220 C048_20SPS_60Hz_zoomed_bas501.png
60-Hz Rejection Only, 50/60[1:0] = 11
Figure 51. Detailed View of Filter Response
(DR = 20 SPS)
ADS1220 C052_filter_45SPS_bas501.png
Figure 53. Filter Response
(DR = 45 SPS)
ADS1220 C054_filter_175SPS_bas501.png
Figure 55. Filter Response
(DR = 175 SPS)
ADS1220 C056_filter_600SPS_bas501.png
Figure 57. Filter Response
(DR = 600 SPS)
ADS1220 C058_filter_2kSPS_bas501.png
Figure 59. Filter Response
(DR = 2 kSPS)

8.3.5 Output Data Rate

Table 11 shows the actual conversion times for each data rate setting. The values provided are in terms of t(CLK) cycles using an external clock with a clock frequency of f(CLK) = 4.096 MHz. The data rates scale proportionally in case an external clock with a frequency other than 4.096 MHz is used.

Continuous conversion mode data rates are timed from one DRDY falling edge to the next DRDY falling edge. The first conversion starts 210 · t(CLK) (normal mode, duty-cycle mode) or 114 · t(CLK) (turbo mode) after the last SCLK falling edge of the START/SYNC command.

Single-shot mode data rates are timed from the last SCLK falling edge of the START/SYNC command to the DRDY falling edge and rounded to the next t(CLK). In case the internal oscillator is used, an additional oscillator wake-up time of up to 50 µs (normal mode, duty-cycle mode) or 25 µs (turbo mode) must be added in single-shot mode. The internal oscillator starts to power up at the first SCLK rising edge of the START/SYNC command. If an SCLK frequency higher than 160 kHz (normal mode, duty-cycle mode) or 320 kHz (turbo mode) is used, the oscillator may not be fully powered up at the end of the START/SYNC command. The ADC then waits until the internal oscillator is fully powered up before starting a conversion.

Single-shot conversion times in duty-cycle mode are the same as in normal mode. See the Duty-Cycle Mode section for more details on duty-cycle mode operation.

Table 11. Conversion Times

NOMINAL DATA RATE
(SPS)
–3-dB BANDWIDTH
(Hz)
ACTUAL CONVERSION TIME (t(CLK))
CONTINUOUS CONVERSION MODE SINGLE-SHOT MODE
NORMAL MODE
20 13.1 204768 204850
45 20.0 91120 91218
90 39.6 46128 46226
175 77.8 23664 23762
330 150.1 12464 12562
600 279.0 6896 6994
1000 483.8 4144 4242
DUTY-CYCLE MODE
5 13.1 823120 n/a
11.25 20.0 364560 n/a
22.5 39.6 184592 n/a
44 77.8 94736 n/a
82.5 150.1 49936 n/a
150 279.0 27664 n/a
250 483.8 16656 n/a
TURBO MODE
40 26.2 102384 102434
90 39.9 45560 45618
180 79.2 23064 23122
350 155.6 11832 11890
660 300.3 6232 6290
1200 558.1 3448 3506
2000 967.6 2072 2130

Note that even though the conversion time at the 20-SPS setting is not exactly 1 / 20 Hz = 50 ms, this discrepancy does not affect the 50-Hz or 60-Hz rejection. To achieve the 50-Hz and 60-Hz rejection specified in the Electrical Characteristics table, the external clock frequency must be 4.096 MHz. When using the internal oscillator, the conversion time and filter notches vary by the amount specified in the Electrical Characteristics table for oscillator accuracy.

8.3.6 Voltage Reference

The device offers an integrated low-drift, 2.048-V reference. For applications that require a different reference voltage value or a ratiometric measurement approach, the device offers two differential reference input pairs (REFP0, REFN0 and REFP1, REFN1). In addition, the analog supply (AVDD) can be used as a reference.

The reference source is selected by two bits (VREF[1:0]) in the configuration register. By default, the internal reference is selected. The internal voltage reference requires less than 25 µs to fully settle after power-up, when coming out of power-down mode, or when switching from an external reference source to the internal reference.

The differential reference inputs allow freedom in the reference common-mode voltage. REFP0 and REFN0 are dedicated reference inputs whereas REFP1 and REFN1 are shared with inputs AIN0 and AIN3, respectively. All reference inputs are internally buffered to increase input impedance. Therefore, additional reference buffers are usually not required when using an external reference. When used in ratiometric applications, the reference inputs do not load the external circuitry. Note that the analog supply current increases when using an external reference because the reference buffers are enabled.

In most cases the conversion result is directly proportional to the stability of the reference source. Any noise and drift of the voltage reference is reflected in the conversion result.

8.3.7 Clock Source

The device system clock can either be provided by the internal low-drift oscillator or by an external clock source on the CLK input. Connect the CLK pin to DGND before power-up or reset to activate the internal oscillator. Connecting an external clock to the CLK pin at any time deactivates the internal oscillator after two rising edges on the CLK pin are detected. The device then operates on the external clock. After the ADS1220 switches to the external clock, the device can only be switched back to the internal oscillator by cycling the power supplies or by sending a RESET command.

8.3.8 Excitation Current Sources

The device provides two matched programmable excitation current sources (IDACs) for RTD applications. The output current of the current sources can be programmed to 10 μA, 50 μA, 100 μA, 250 μA, 500 μA, 1000 μA, or 1500 μA using the respective bits (IDAC[2:0]) in the configuration register. Each current source can be connected to any of the analog inputs (AINx) as well as to any of the dedicated reference inputs (REFP0 and REFN0). Both current sources can also be connected to the same pin. Routing of the IDACs is configured by bits (I1MUX[2:0], I2MUX[2:0]) in the configuration register. Care must be taken not to exceed the compliance voltage of the IDACs. In other words, limit the voltage on the pin where the IDAC is routed to ≤ (AVDD – 0.9 V), otherwise the specified accuracy of the IDAC current is not met. For three-wire RTD applications, the matched current sources can be used to cancel errors caused by sensor lead resistance (see the 3-Wire RTD Measurement section for more details).

The IDACs require up to 200 µs to start up after the IDAC current is programmed to the respective value using bits IDAC[2:0]. If configuration registers 2 and 3 are not written during the same WREG command, TI recommends to first set the IDAC current to the respective value using bits IDAC[2:0] and thereafter select the routing for each IDAC (I1MUX[2:0], I2MUX[2:0]).

In single-shot mode, the IDACs remain active between any two conversions if the IDAC[2:0] bits are set to a value other than 000. However, the IDACs are powered down whenever the POWERDOWN command is issued.

Note that the analog supply current increases when enabling the IDACs (that is, when the IDAC[2:0] bits are set to a value other than 000). The IDAC circuit needs this bias current to operate even when the IDACs are not routed to any pin (I1MUX[2:0] = I2MUX[2:0] = 000). In addition, the selected output current is drawn from the analog supply when I1MUX[2:0] or I2MUX[2:0] are set to a value other than 000.

8.3.9 Low-Side Power Switch

A low-side power switch with low on-resistance connected between the analog input AIN3/REFN1 and AVSS is integrated in the device as well. This power switch can be used to reduce system power consumption in bridge sensor applications by powering down the bridge circuit between conversions. When the respective bit (PSW) in the configuration register is set, the switch automatically closes when the START/SYNC command is sent and opens when the POWERDOWN command is issued. Note that the switch stays closed between conversions in single-shot mode in case the PSW bit is set to 1. The switch can be opened at any time by setting the PSW bit to 0. By default, the switch is always open.

8.3.10 Sensor Detection

To help detect a possible sensor malfunction, the device provides internal 10-µA, burn-out current sources. When enabled by setting the respective bit (BCS) in the configuration register, one current source sources current to the positive analog input (AINP) currently selected while the other current source sinks current form the selected negative analog input (AINN).

In case of an open circuit in the sensor, these burn-out current sources pull the positive input towards AVDD and the negative input towards AVSS, resulting in a full-scale reading. A full-scale reading may also indicate that the sensor is overloaded or that the reference voltage is absent. A near-zero reading may indicate a shorted sensor. Note that the absolute value of the burn-out current sources typically varies by ±10% and the internal multiplexer adds a small series resistance. Therefore, distinguishing a shorted sensor condition from a normal reading can be difficult, especially if an RC filter is used at the inputs. In other words, even if the sensor is shorted, the voltage drop across the external filter resistance and the residual resistance of the multiplexer causes the output to read a value higher than zero.

Keep in mind that ADC readings of a functional sensor may be corrupted when the burn-out current sources are enabled. TI recommends disabling the burn-out current sources when preforming the precision measurement, and only enabling them to test for sensor fault conditions.

8.3.11 System Monitor

The device provides some means for monitoring the analog power supply and the external voltage reference. To select a monitoring voltage, the internal multiplexer (MUX[3:0]) must be configured accordingly in the configuration register. The device automatically bypasses the PGA and sets the gain to 1, irrespective of the configuration register settings while the monitoring feature is used. Note that the system monitor function only provides a coarse result and is not meant to be a precision measurement.

When measuring the analog power supply (MUX[3:0] = 1101), the resulting conversion is approximately (AVDD – AVSS) / 4. The device uses the internal 2.048-V reference for the measurement regardless of what reference source is selected in the configuration register (VREF[1:0]).

When monitoring one of the two possible external reference voltage sources (MUX[3:0] = 1100), the result is approximately (V(REFPx) – V(REFNx)) / 4. REFPx and REFNx denote the external reference input pair selected in the configuration register (VREF[1:0]). The device automatically uses the internal reference for the measurement.

8.3.12 Offset Calibration

The internal multiplexer offers the option to short both PGA inputs (AINP and AINN) to mid-supply (AVDD + AVSS) / 2. This option can be used to measure and calibrate the device offset voltage by storing the result of the shorted input voltage reading in a microcontroller and consequently subtracting the result from each following reading. TI recommends taking multiple readings with the inputs shorted and averaging the result to reduce the effect of noise.

8.3.13 Temperature Sensor

The ADS1220 offers an integrated precision temperature sensor. The temperature sensor mode is enabled by setting bit TS = 1 in the configuration register. When in temperature sensor mode, the settings of configuration register 0 have no effect and the device uses the internal reference for measurement, regardless of the selected voltage reference source. Temperature readings follow the same process as the analog inputs for starting and reading conversion results. Temperature data are represented as a 14-bit result that is left-justified within the 24-bit conversion result. Data are output starting with the most significant byte (MSB). When reading the three data bytes, the first 14 bits are used to indicate the temperature measurement result. One 14-bit LSB equals 0.03125°C. Negative numbers are represented in binary twos complement format, as shown in Table 12.

Table 12. 14-Bit Temperature Data Format

TEMPERATURE (°C) DIGITAL OUTPUT (BINARY) HEX
128 01 0000 0000 0000 1000
127.96875 00 1111 1111 1111 0FFF
100 00 1100 1000 0000 0C80
75 00 1001 0110 0000 0960
50 00 0110 0100 0000 0640
25 00 0011 0010 0000 0320
0.25 00 0000 0000 1000 0008
0.03125 00 0000 0000 0001 0001
0 00 0000 0000 0000 0000
–0.25 11 1111 1111 1000 3FF8
–25 11 1100 1110 0000 3CE0
–40 11 1011 0000 0000 3B00

8.3.13.1 Converting from Temperature to Digital Codes

8.3.13.1.1 For Positive Temperatures (for Example, 50°C):

Twos complement is not performed on positive numbers. Therefore, simply convert the number to binary code in a 14-bit, left-justified format with the MSB = 0 to denote the positive sign.

Example: 50°C / (0.03125°C per count) = 1600 = 0640h = 00 0110 0100 0000

8.3.13.1.2 For Negative Temperatures (for Example, –25°C):

Generate the twos complement of a negative number by complementing the absolute binary number and adding 1. Then, denote the negative sign with the MSB = 1.

Example: |–25°C| / (0.03125°C per count) = 800 = 0320h = 00 0011 0010 0000

Twos complement format: 11 1100 1101 1111 + 1 = 11 1100 1110 0000

8.3.13.2 Converting from Digital Codes to Temperature

To convert from digital codes to temperature, first check whether the MSB is a 0 or a 1. If the MSB is a 0, simply multiply the decimal code by 0.03125°C to obtain the result. If the MSB = 1, subtract 1 from the result and complement all bits. Then, multiply the result by –0.03125°C.

Example: The device reads back 0960h: 0960h has an MSB = 0.

0960h · 0.03125°C = 2400 · 0.03125°C = 75°C

Example: The device reads back 3CE0h: 3CE0h has an MSB = 1.

Subtract 1 and complement the result: 3CE0h → 0320h

0320h · (–0.03125°C) = 800 · (–0.03125°C) = –25°C

8.4 Device Functional Modes

8.4.1 Power-Up and Reset

When the device powers up, a reset is performed. The reset process takes approximately 50 µs. After this power-up reset time, all internal circuitry (including the voltage reference) are stable and communication with the device is possible. As part of the reset process, the device sets all bits in the configuration registers to the respective default settings. By default, the device is set to single-shot mode. After power-up, the device performs a single conversion using the default register settings and then enters a low-power state. When the conversion is complete, the DRDY pin transitions from high to low. The high-to-low transition of the DRDY pin can be used to signal that the ADS1220 is operational and ready to use. The power-up behavior is intended to prevent systems with tight power-supply requirements from encountering a current surge during power-up.

8.4.2 Conversion Modes

The device can be operated in one of two conversion modes that can be selected by the CM bit in the configuration register. These conversion modes are single-shot and continuous conversion mode.

8.4.2.1 Single-Shot Mode

In single-shot mode, the device only performs a conversion when a START/SYNC command is issued. The device consequently performs one single conversion and returns to a low-power state afterwards. The internal oscillator and all analog circuitry (except for the excitation current sources) are turned off while the device waits in this low-power state until the next conversion is started. In addition, every write access to any configuration register also starts a new conversion. Writing to any configuration register while a conversion is ongoing functions as a new START/SYNC command that stops the current conversion and restarts a single new conversion. Each conversion is fully settled (assuming the analog input signal settles to its final value before the conversion starts) because the device digital filter settles within a single cycle.

8.4.2.2 Continuous Conversion Mode

In continuous conversion mode, the device continuously performs conversions. When a conversion completes, the device places the result in the output buffer and immediately begins another conversion.

In order to start continuous conversion mode, the CM bit must be set to 1 followed by a START/SYNC command. The first conversion starts 210 · t(CLK) (normal mode, duty-cycle mode) or 114 · t(CLK) (turbo mode) after the last SCLK falling edge of the START/SYNC command. Writing to any configuration register during an ongoing conversion restarts the current conversion. TI recommends always sending a START/SYNC command immediately after the CM bit is set to 1.

8.4.3 Operating Modes

In addition to the different conversion modes, the device can also be operated in different operating modes that can be selected to trade-off power consumption, noise performance, and output data rate. These modes are: normal mode, duty-cycle mode, turbo mode, and power-down mode.

8.4.3.1 Normal Mode

Normal mode is the default mode of operation after power-up. In this mode, the internal modulator of the ΔΣ ADC runs at a modulator clock frequency of f(MOD) = f(CLK) / 16, where the system clock (f(CLK)) is either provided by the internal oscillator or the external clock source. The modulator frequency is 256 kHz when using the internal oscillator. Normal mode offers output data rate options ranging from 20 SPS to 1 kSPS with the internal oscillator. The data rate is selected by the DR[2:0] bits in the configuration register. In case an external clock source with a clock frequency other than 4.096 MHz is used, the data rates scale accordingly. For example, using an external clock with f(CLK) = 2.048 MHz yields data rates ranging from 10 SPS to 500 SPS.

8.4.3.2 Duty-Cycle Mode

The noise performance of a ΔΣ ADC generally improves when lowering the output data rate because more samples of the internal modulator can be averaged to yield one conversion result. In applications where power consumption is critical, the improved noise performance at low data rates may not be required. For these applications, the device supports an automatic duty-cycle mode that can yield significant power savings by periodically entering a low-power state between conversions. In principle, the device runs in normal mode with a duty cycle of 25%. This functionality means the device performs one conversion in the same manner as when running in normal mode but then automatically enters a low power-state for three consecutive conversion cycles. The noise performance in duty-cycle mode is therefore comparable to the noise performance in normal mode at four times the data rate. Data rates in duty-cycle mode range from 5 SPS to 250 SPS with the internal oscillator.

8.4.3.3 Turbo Mode

Applications that require higher data rates up to 2 kSPS can operate the device in turbo mode. In this mode, the internal modulator runs at a higher frequency of f(MOD) = f(CLK) / 8. f(MOD) equals 512 kHz when the internal oscillator or an external 4.096-MHz clock is used. Note that the device power consumption increases because the modulator runs at a higher frequency. Running the ADS1220 in turbo mode at a comparable output data rate as in normal mode yields better noise performance. For example, the input-referred noise at 90 SPS in turbo mode is lower than the input-referred noise at 90 SPS in normal mode.

8.4.3.4 Power-Down Mode

When the POWERDOWN command is issued, the device enters power-down mode after completing the current conversion. In this mode, all analog circuitry (including the voltage reference and both IDACs) are powered down, the low-side power switch is opened, and the device typically only uses 400 nA of current. While in power-down mode, the device holds the configuration register settings and responds to commands, but does not perform any data conversions.

Issuing a START/SYNC command wakes up the device and either starts a single conversion or starts continuous conversion mode, depending on the conversion mode selected by the CM bit. Note that writing to any configuration register wakes up the device as well, but only starts a single conversion regardless of the selected conversion mode (CM).

8.5 Programming

8.5.1 Serial Interface

The SPI-compatible serial interface of the device is used to read conversion data, read and write the device configuration registers, and control device operation. Only SPI mode 1 (CPOL = 0, CPHA = 1) is supported. The interface consists of five control lines (CS, SCLK, DIN, DOUT/DRDY, and DRDY) but can be used with only four or even three control signals as well. The dedicated data-ready signal (DRDY) can be configured to be shared with DOUT/DRDY. If the serial bus is not shared with any other device, CS can be tied low permanently so that only signals SCLK, DIN, and DOUT/DRDY are required to communicate with the device.

8.5.1.1 Chip Select (CS)

Chip select (CS) is an active-low input that selects the device for SPI communication. This feature is useful when multiple devices share the same serial bus. CS must remain low for the duration of the serial communication. When CS is taken high, the serial interface is reset, SCLK is ignored, and DOUT/DRDY enters a high-impedance state; as such, DOUT/DRDY cannot indicate when data are ready. In situations where multiple devices are present on the bus, the dedicated DRDY pin can provide an uninterrupted monitor of the conversion status. If the serial bus is not shared with another peripheral, CS can be tied low.

8.5.1.2 Serial Clock (SCLK)

The serial clock (SCLK) features a Schmitt-triggered input and is used to clock data into and out of the device on the DIN and DOUT/DRDY pins, respectively. Even though the input has hysteresis, TI recommends keeping the SCLK signal as clean as possible to prevent glitches from accidentally shifting the data. When the serial interface is idle, hold SCLK low.

8.5.1.3 Data Ready (DRDY)

DRDY indicates when a new conversion result is ready for retrieval. When DRDY falls low, new conversion data are ready. DRDY transitions back high on the next SCLK rising edge. When no data are read during continuous conversion mode, DRDY remains low but pulses high for a duration of 2 · t(MOD) prior to the next DRDY falling edge. The DRDY pin is always actively driven, even when CS is high.

8.5.1.4 Data Input (DIN)

The data input pin (DIN) is used along with SCLK to send data (commands and register data) to the device. The device latches data on DIN on the SCLK falling edge. The device never drives the DIN pin.

8.5.1.5 Data Output and Data Ready (DOUT/DRDY)

DOUT/DRDY serves a dual-purpose function. This pin is used with SCLK to read conversion and register data from the device. Data on DOUT/DRDY are shifted out on the SCLK rising edge. DOUT/DRDY goes to a high-impedance state when CS is high.

In addition, the DOUT/DRDY pin can also be configured as a data-ready indicator by setting the DRDYM bit high in the configuration register. DOUT/DRDY then transitions low at the same time that the DRDY pin goes low to indicate new conversion data are available. Both signals can be used to detect if new data are ready. However, because DOUT/DRDY is disabled when CS is high, the recommended method of monitoring the end of a conversion when multiple devices are present on the SPI bus is to use the dedicated DRDY pin.

8.5.1.6 SPI Timeout

The ADS1220 offers an SPI timeout feature that can be used to recover communication when a serial interface transmission is interrupted. This feature is especially useful in applications where CS is permanently tied low and is not used to frame a communication sequence. Whenever a complete command is not sent within 13955 · t(MOD) (normal mode, duty-cycle mode) or 27910 · t(MOD) (turbo mode), the serial interface resets and the next SCLK pulse starts a new communication cycle. See the Modulator section for details on the modulator frequency (f(MOD) = 1 / t(MOD)) in the different operating modes. For the RREG and WREG commands, a complete command includes the command byte itself plus the register bytes that are read or written.

8.5.2 Data Format

The device provides 24 bits of data in binary twos complement format. The size of one code (LSB) is calculated using Equation 16.

Equation 16. 1 LSB = (2 · Vref / Gain) / 224 = +FS / 223

A positive full-scale input [VIN ≥ (+FS – 1 LSB) = (Vref / Gain – 1 LSB)] produces an output code of 7FFFFFh and a negative full-scale input (VIN ≤ –FS = –Vref / Gain) produces an output code of 800000h. The output clips at these codes for signals that exceed full-scale.

Table 13 summarizes the ideal output codes for different input signals.

Table 13. Ideal Output Code versus Input Signal

INPUT SIGNAL, VIN
(AINP – AINN)
IDEAL OUTPUT CODE(1)
≥ FS (223 – 1) / 223 7FFFFFh
FS / 223 000001h
0 000000h
–FS / 223 FFFFFFh
≤ –FS 800000h
(1) Excludes the effects of noise, INL, offset, and gain errors.

Mapping of the analog input signal to the output codes is shown in Figure 60.

ADS1220 ai_code_transition_bas501.gif Figure 60. Code Transition Diagram

8.5.3 Commands

The device offers six different commands to control device operation, as shown in Table 14. Four commands are stand-alone instructions (RESET, START/SYNC, POWERDOWN, and RDATA). The commands to read (RREG) and write (WREG) configuration register data from and to the device require additional information as part of the instruction.

Table 14. Command Definitions

COMMAND DESCRIPTION COMMAND BYTE(1)
RESET Reset the device 0000 011x
START/SYNC Start or restart conversions 0000 100x
POWERDOWN Enter power-down mode 0000 001x
RDATA Read data by command 0001 xxxx
RREG Read nn registers starting at address rr 0010 rrnn
WREG Write nn registers starting at address rr 0100 rrnn
(1) Operands: rr = configuration register (00 to 11), nn = number of bytes – 1 (00 to 11), and x = don't care.

8.5.3.1 RESET (0000 011x)

Resets the device to the default values. Wait at least (50 µs + 32 · t(CLK)) after the RESET command is sent before sending any other command.

8.5.3.2 START/SYNC (0000 100x)

In single-shot mode, the START/SYNC command is used to start a single conversion, or (when sent during an ongoing conversion) to reset the digital filter, and then restarts a single new conversion. When the device is set to continuous conversion mode, the START/SYNC command must be issued one time to start converting continuously. Sending the START/SYNC command while converting in continuous conversion mode resets the digital filter and restarts continuous conversions.

8.5.3.3 POWERDOWN (0000 001x)

The POWERDOWN command places the device into power-down mode. This command shuts down all internal analog components, opens the low-side switch, turns off both IDACs, but holds all register values. In case the POWERDOWN command is issued while a conversion is ongoing, the conversion completes before the ADS1220 enters power-down mode. As soon as a START/SYNC command is issued, all analog components return to their previous states.

8.5.3.4 RDATA (0001 xxxx)

The RDATA command loads the output shift register with the most recent conversion result. This command can be used when DOUT/DRDY or DRDY are not monitored to indicate that a new conversion result is available. If a conversion finishes in the middle of the RDATA command byte, the state of the DRDY pin at the end of the read operation signals whether the old or the new result is loaded. If the old result is loaded, DRDY stays low, indicating that the new result is not read out. The new conversion result loads when DRDY is high.

8.5.3.5 RREG (0010 rrnn)

The RREG command reads the number of bytes specified by nn (number of bytes to be read – 1) from the device configuration register, starting at register address rr. The command is completed after nn + 1 bytes are clocked out after the RREG command byte. For example, the command to read three bytes (nn = 10) starting at configuration register 1 (rr = 01) is 0010 0110.

8.5.3.6 WREG (0100 rrnn)

The WREG command writes the number of bytes specified by nn (number of bytes to be written – 1) to the device configuration register, starting at register address rr. The command is completed after nn + 1 bytes are clocked in after the WREG command byte. For example, the command to write two bytes (nn = 01) starting at configuration register 0 (rr = 00) is 0100 0001. The configuration registers are updated on the last SCLK falling edge.

8.5.4 Reading Data

Output pins DRDY and DOUT/DRDY (if the DRDYM bit is set high in the configuration register) transition low when new data are ready for retrieval. The conversion data are written to an internal data buffer. Data can be read directly from this buffer on DOUT/DRDY when DRDY falls low without concern of data corruption. An RDATA command does not have to be sent. Data are shifted out on the SCLK rising edges, MSB first, and consist of three bytes of data.

Figure 61 to Figure 63 show the timing diagrams for reading conversion data in continuous conversion mode and single-shot mode when not using the RDATA command.

ADS1220 ai_tim_continuous_conversion_bas501.gif Figure 61. Continuous Conversion Mode (DRDYM = 0)
ADS1220 ai_tim_continuous_conversion_DRDYM_bas501.gif Figure 62. Continuous Conversion Mode (DRDYM = 1)
ADS1220 ai_tim_single_shot_bas501.gif Figure 63. Single-Shot Mode (DRDYM = 0)

Data can also be read at any time without synchronizing to the DRDY signal using the RDATA command. When an RDATA command is issued, the conversion result currently stored in the data buffer is shifted out on DOUT/DRDY on the following SCLK rising edges. Data can be read continuously with the RDATA command as an alternative to monitoring DRDY or DOUT/DRDY. The DRDY pin can be polled after the LSB is clocked out to determine if a new conversion result was loaded. If a new conversion completes during the read operation but data from the previous conversion are read, then DRDY is low. Otherwise, if the most recent result is read, DRDY is high. Figure 64 and Figure 65 illustrate the behavior for both cases.

ADS1220 ai_tim_RDATA_old_bas501.gif Figure 64. State of DRDY when a New Conversion Finishes During an RDATA Command
ADS1220 ai_tim_RDATA_new_bas501.gif Figure 65. State of DRDY when the Most Recent Conversion Result is Read During an RDATA Command

8.5.5 Sending Commands

The device serial interface is capable of full-duplex operation while reading conversion data when not using the RDATA command. Full-duplex operation means commands are decoded at the same time that conversion data are read. Commands can be sent on any 8-bit data boundary during a data read operation. When a RREG or RDATA command is recognized, the current data read operation is aborted and the conversion data are corrupted, unless the command is sent while the last byte of the conversion result is retrieved. The device starts to output the requested data on DOUT/DRDY at the first SCLK rising edge after the command byte. To read data without interruption, keep DIN low while clocking out data.

A WREG command can be sent without corrupting an ongoing read operation. Figure 66 shows an example for sending a WREG command to write two configuration registers while reading conversion data in continuous conversion mode. After the command is clocked in (after the 32nd SCLK falling edge), the device resets the digital filter and starts converting with the new register settings. The WREG command can be sent on any of the 8-bit boundaries.

ADS1220 ai_tim_WREG_bas501.gif Figure 66. Example of Reading Data while Simultaneously Sending a WREG Command

Note that the serial interface does not decode commands while an RDATA or RREG command is executed. That is, all 24 bits of the conversion result must be read after the RDATA command is issued and all requested registers must be read after a RREG command is sent before a new command can be issued.

8.5.6 Interfacing with Multiple Devices

When connecting multiple ADS1220 devices to a single SPI bus, SCLK, DIN, and DOUT/DRDY can be safely shared by using a dedicated chip-select (CS) line for each SPI-enabled device. When CS transitions high for the respective device, DOUT/DRDY enters a 3-state mode. Therefore, DOUT/DRDY cannot be used to indicate when new data are available if CS is high, regardless of the DRDYM bit setting in the configuration register. Only the dedicated DRDY pin indicates that new data are available, because the DRDY pin is actively driven even when CS is high.

In some cases the DRDY pin cannot be interfaced to the microcontroller. This scenario can occur if there are insufficient GPIO channels available on the microcontroller or if the serial interface must be galvanically isolated and thus the amount of channels must be limited. Therefore, in order to evaluate when a new conversion of one of the devices is ready, the microcontroller can periodically drop CS to the respective device and poll the state of the DOUT/DRDY pin. When CS goes low, the DOUT/DRDY pin immediately drives either high or low, provided that the DRDYM bit is configured to 1. If the DOUT/DRDY line drives low, when CS is taken low, new data are currently available. If the DOUT/DRDY line drives high, no new data are available. This procedure requires that DOUT/DRDY is high after reading each conversion result and before taking CS high. To make sure DOUT/DRDY is taken high, send 8 additional SCLKs with DIN held low after each data read operation. DOUT/DRDY reads high during the eight SCLKs after the conversion result is read, as shown in Figure 67. Alternatively, valid data can be retrieved from the device at any time without concern of data corruption by using the RDATA command.

ADS1220 ai_tim_multi_device_bas501.gif Figure 67. Example of Taking DOUT/DRDY High After Reading a Conversion Result

8.6 Register Map

8.6.1 Configuration Registers

The device has four 8-bit configuration registers that are accessible through the serial interface using the RREG and WREG commands. The configuration registers control how the device operates and can be changed at any time without causing data corruption. After power-up or reset, all registers are set to the default values (which are all 0). All registers retain their values during power-down mode. Table 15 shows the register map of the configuration registers.

Table 15. Configuration Register Map

REGISTER (Hex) BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0
00h MUX[3:0] GAIN[2:0] PGA_BYPASS
01h DR[2:0] MODE[1:0] CM TS BCS
02h VREF[1:0] 50/60[1:0] PSW IDAC[2:0]
03h I1MUX[2:0] I2MUX[2:0] DRDYM 0

8.6.1.1 Configuration Register 0 (offset = 00h) [reset = 00h]

Figure 68. Configuration Register 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MUX[3:0] GAIN[2:0] PGA_BYPASS
R/W-0h R/W-0h R/W-0h
LEGEND: R/W = Read/Write; -n = value after reset

Table 16. Configuration Register 0 Field Descriptions

Bit Field Type Reset Description
7-4 MUX[3:0] R/W 0h Input multiplexer configuration
These bits configure the input multiplexer.
For settings where AINN = AVSS, the PGA must be disabled (PGA_BYPASS = 1) and only gains 1, 2, and 4 can be used.

0000 : AINP = AIN0, AINN = AIN1 (default)
0001 : AINP = AIN0, AINN = AIN2
0010 : AINP = AIN0, AINN = AIN3
0011 : AINP = AIN1, AINN = AIN2
0100 : AINP = AIN1, AINN = AIN3
0101 : AINP = AIN2, AINN = AIN3
0110 : AINP = AIN1, AINN = AIN0
0111 : AINP = AIN3, AINN = AIN2
1000 : AINP = AIN0, AINN = AVSS
1001 : AINP = AIN1, AINN = AVSS
1010 : AINP = AIN2, AINN = AVSS
1011 : AINP = AIN3, AINN = AVSS
1100 : (V(REFPx) – V(REFNx)) / 4 monitor (PGA bypassed)
1101 : (AVDD – AVSS) / 4 monitor (PGA bypassed)
1110 : AINP and AINN shorted to (AVDD + AVSS) / 2
1111 : Reserved
3-1 GAIN[2:0] R/W 0h Gain configuration
These bits configure the device gain.
Gains 1, 2, and 4 can be used without the PGA. In this case, gain is obtained by a switched-capacitor structure.

000 : Gain = 1 (default)
001 : Gain = 2
010 : Gain = 4
011 : Gain = 8
100 : Gain = 16
101 : Gain = 32
110 : Gain = 64
111 : Gain = 128
0 PGA_BYPASS R/W 0h Disables and bypasses the internal low-noise PGA
Disabling the PGA reduces overall power consumption and allows the common-mode voltage range (VCM) to span from AVSS – 0.1 V to AVDD + 0.1 V.
The PGA can only be disabled for gains 1, 2, and 4.
The PGA is always enabled for gain settings 8 to 128, regardless of the PGA_BYPASS setting.

0 : PGA enabled (default)
1 : PGA disabled and bypassed

8.6.1.2 Configuration Register 1 (offset = 01h) [reset = 00h]

Figure 69. Configuration Register 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DR[2:0] MODE[1:0] CM TS BCS
R/W-0h R/W-0h R/W-0h R/W-0h R/W-0h
LEGEND: R/W = Read/Write; -n = value after reset

Table 17. Configuration Register 1 Field Descriptions

Bit Field Type Reset Description
7-5 DR[2:0] R/W 0h Data rate
These bits control the data rate setting depending on the selected operating mode. Table 18 lists the bit settings for normal, duty-cycle, and turbo mode.
4-3 MODE[1:0] R/W 0h Operating mode
These bits control the operating mode the device operates in.

00 : Normal mode (256-kHz modulator clock, default)
01 : Duty-cycle mode (internal duty cycle of 1:4)
10 : Turbo mode (512-kHz modulator clock)
11 : Reserved
2 CM R/W 0h Conversion mode
This bit sets the conversion mode for the device.

0 : Single-shot mode (default)
1 : Continuous conversion mode
1 TS R/W 0h Temperature sensor mode
This bit enables the internal temperature sensor and puts the device in temperature sensor mode.
The settings of configuration register 0 have no effect and the device uses the internal reference for measurement when temperature sensor mode is enabled.

0 : Disables temperature sensor (default)
1 : Enables temperature sensor
0 BCS R/W 0h Burn-out current sources
This bit controls the 10-µA, burn-out current sources.
The burn-out current sources can be used to detect sensor faults such as wire breaks and shorted sensors.

0 : Current sources off (default)
1 : Current sources on

Table 18. DR Bit Settings(1)

NORMAL MODE DUTY-CYCLE MODE TURBO MODE
000 = 20 SPS 000 = 5 SPS 000 = 40 SPS
001 = 45 SPS 001 = 11.25 SPS 001 = 90 SPS
010 = 90 SPS 010 = 22.5 SPS 010 = 180 SPS
011 = 175 SPS 011 = 44 SPS 011 = 350 SPS
100 = 330 SPS 100 = 82.5 SPS 100 = 660 SPS
101 = 600 SPS 101 = 150 SPS 101 = 1200 SPS
110 = 1000 SPS 110 = 250 SPS 110 = 2000 SPS
111 = Reserved 111 = Reserved 111 = Reserved
(1) Data rates provided are calculated using the internal oscillator or an external 4.096-MHz clock. The data rates scale proportionally with the external clock frequency when an external clock other than 4.096 MHz is used.

8.6.1.3 Configuration Register 2 (offset = 02h) [reset = 00h]

Figure 70. Configuration Register 2
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VREF[1:0] 50/60[1:0] PSW IDAC[2:0]
R/W-0h R/W-0h R/W-0h R/W-0h
LEGEND: R/W = Read/Write; -n = value after reset

Table 19. Configuration Register 2 Field Descriptions

Bit Field Type Reset Description
7-6 VREF[1:0] R/W 0h Voltage reference selection
These bits select the voltage reference source that is used for the conversion.

00 : Internal 2.048-V reference selected (default)
01 : External reference selected using dedicated REFP0 and REFN0 inputs
10 : External reference selected using AIN0/REFP1 and AIN3/REFN1 inputs
11 : Analog supply (AVDD – AVSS) used as reference
5-4 50/60[1:0] R/W 0h FIR filter configuration
These bits configure the filter coefficients for the internal FIR filter.
Only use these bits together with the 20-SPS setting in normal mode and the 5-SPS setting in duty-cycle mode. Set to 00 for all other data rates.

00 : No 50-Hz or 60-Hz rejection (default)
01 : Simultaneous 50-Hz and 60-Hz rejection
10 : 50-Hz rejection only
11 : 60-Hz rejection only
3 PSW R/W 0h Low-side power switch configuration
This bit configures the behavior of the low-side switch connected between AIN3/REFN1 and AVSS.

0 : Switch is always open (default)
1 : Switch automatically closes when the START/SYNC command is sent and opens when the POWERDOWN command is issued
2-0 IDAC[2:0] R/W 0h IDAC current setting
These bits set the current for both IDAC1 and IDAC2 excitation current sources.

000 : Off (default)
001 : 10 µA
010 : 50 µA
011 : 100 µA
100 : 250 µA
101 : 500 µA
110 : 1000 µA
111 : 1500 µA

8.6.1.4 Configuration Register 3 (offset = 03h) [reset = 00h]

Figure 71. Configuration Register 3
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
I1MUX[2:0] I2MUX[2:0] DRDYM 0
R/W-0h R/W-0h R/W-0h R/W-0h
LEGEND: R/W = Read/Write; -n = value after reset

Table 20. Configuration Register 3 Field Descriptions

Bit Field Type Reset Description
7-5 I1MUX[2:0] R/W 0h IDAC1 routing configuration
These bits select the channel where IDAC1 is routed to.

000 : IDAC1 disabled (default)
001 : IDAC1 connected to AIN0/REFP1
010 : IDAC1 connected to AIN1
011 : IDAC1 connected to AIN2
100 : IDAC1 connected to AIN3/REFN1
101 : IDAC1 connected to REFP0
110 : IDAC1 connected to REFN0
111 : Reserved
4-2 I2MUX[2:0] R/W 0h IDAC2 routing configuration
These bits select the channel where IDAC2 is routed to.

000 : IDAC2 disabled (default)
001 : IDAC2 connected to AIN0/REFP1
010 : IDAC2 connected to AIN1
011 : IDAC2 connected to AIN2
100 : IDAC2 connected to AIN3/REFN1
101 : IDAC2 connected to REFP0
110 : IDAC2 connected to REFN0
111 : Reserved
1 DRDYM R/W 0h DRDY mode
This bit controls the behavior of the DOUT/DRDY pin when new data are ready.

0 : Only the dedicated DRDY pin is used to indicate when data are ready (default)
1 : Data ready is indicated simultaneously on DOUT/DRDY and DRDY
0 Reserved R/W 0h Reserved
Always write 0