SLYW038D September   2014  – April 2025 AFE030 , AFE031 , AFE032 , ALM2402-Q1 , LMC6035-Q1 , LMV601 , LMV602 , LMV604 , LMV611 , LMV612 , LMV614 , LMV881 , OPA1602 , OPA1604 , OPA1612 , OPA1612-Q1 , OPA1622 , OPA1652 , OPA1654 , OPA1662 , OPA1662-Q1 , OPA1664 , OPA1688 , OPA170 , OPA170-EP , OPA171-Q1 , OPA172 , OPA180 , OPA188 , OPA191 , OPA192 , OPA197 , OPA211-EP , OPA2170 , OPA2171 , OPA2171-EP , OPA2171-Q1 , OPA2172 , OPA2180 , OPA2188 , OPA2192 , OPA2211-EP , OPA2211-HT , OPA2227-EP , OPA2277-EP , OPA2313 , OPA2314 , OPA2314-EP , OPA2314-Q1 , OPA2316 , OPA2317 , OPA2320-Q1 , OPA2322-Q1 , OPA2376-Q1 , OPA2625 , OPA313 , OPA314 , OPA316 , OPA317 , OPA320 , OPA322 , OPA348-Q1 , OPA355-Q1 , OPA4170 , OPA4171 , OPA4171-Q1 , OPA4172 , OPA4180 , OPA4188 , OPA4192 , OPA4277-EP , OPA4313 , OPA4314 , OPA4316 , OPA4317 , OPA4322 , OPA4322-Q1 , OPA549-HIREL , OPA564-Q1 , OPA625 , SM73307 , SM73308 , TLC2274-HT , TLE2141-Q1 , TLV2314 , TLV2316 , TLV2333 , TLV27L2-Q1 , TLV314 , TLV316 , TLV333 , TLV4314 , TLV4316 , TLV4333

 

  1.   1
  2.   Analog Engineer's Pocket Reference
  3.   Conversions
    1.     Standard decimal prefixes
    2.     Metric conversions
    3.     Temperature scale conversions
    4.     Error conversions ppm and percentage
    5.     Notes
  4.   Discrete Components
    1.     Resistor color code
    2.     Capacitor specifications
    3.     Capacitance type overview
    4.     Diodes and LEDs
    5.     Bipolar junction transistors (BJT)
    6.     Junction field effect transistors (JFET)
    7.     Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET)
    8.     Notes
  5.   Analog
    1.     Resistor equations
    2.     Power equations
    3.     Capacitor equations
    4.     Inductor equations
    5.     RMS and mean voltage
    6.     Logarithmic mathematical definitions
      1.      Alternative notations
    7.     dB definitions
      1.      Bode plot basics
      2.      Definitions
      3.      Log scale
      4.      Time to phase shift
      5.      Bode plots: Poles
    8.     Pole (equations)
      1.      Bode plots (zeros)
      2.      Zero (equations)
    9.     Notes
  6.   Amplifier
    1.     Basic op amp configurations
      1.      Simple non-inverting amp with Cf filter
      2.      Simple inverting amp with Cf filter
      3.      Differential filter cutoff
      4.      Calculating amplifier offset voltage
    2.     Op amp bandwidth
      1.      Small signal step response
    3.     Full power bandwidth
    4.     Large signal response (slew rate)
    5.     Settling Time
    6.     Combining noise sources
      1.      Averaging noise sources
      2.      Noise bandwidth calculation
        1.       Broadband total noise calculation
      3.      1/f total noise calculation
      4.      Thermal noise calculation
      5.      Op amp noise model
      6.      Total noise calculations
    7.     AC response versus frequency (dominant 2-pole system)
      1.      Phase margin versus AC peaking
      2.      Transient overshoot (dominant 2-pole system)
      3.      Phase margin versus percentage overshoot
    8.     Stability open loop SPICE analysis
      1.      Stability transient square wave lab test
      2.      Stability AC sine wave lab test
    9.     Power dissipation calculation
    10.     Electrical overstress (EOS) protection
    11.     Notes
  7.   PCB and Wire
    1.     PCB and Wire
    2.     PCB trace resistance for 1 oz-Cu
    3.     PCB trace resistance for 2 oz-Cu
    4.     Common package type and dimensions
    5.     PCB parallel plate capacitance
    6.     PCB microstrip capacitance and inductance
    7.     PCB adjacent copper traces
    8.     PCB via capacitance and inductance
    9.     Coaxial cable equations
    10.     Notes
  8.   Sensor
    1.     Thermistor
    2.     Resistive temperature detector (RTD)
      1.      RTD equation temperature to resistance (T≥0°C and T<0°C)
      2.      RTD equation resistance to temperature (T≥0°C or RRTD ≥ R0)
      3.      RTD equation resistance to temperature (T< 0°C or RRTD < R0)
    3.     Diode equation vs. temperature
      1.      Diode voltage versus temperature
    4.     Thermocouple (J and K)
      1.      Type J thermocouples translating temperature to voltage (ITS-90 standard)
      2.      Type J thermocouples translating voltage to temperature (ITS-90 standard)
      3.      Type K thermocouples translating temperature to voltage (ITS-90 standard)
      4.      Type K thermocouples translating voltage to temperature (ITS-90 standard)
      5.      Thermistor: Resistance to temperature, Steinhart-Hart equation
      6.      Thermistor: Temperature to resistance, Steinhart-Hart equation
    5.     Notes
  9.   Digital
    1.     Binary/hex conversions
      1.      Numbering systems: Binary, decimal, and hexadecimal
        1.       Example conversion: Binary to decimal
        2.       Example conversion: Decimal to binary
        3.       Example conversion: Binary to hexadecimal
        4.       Example conversion: Hexadecimal to decimal and decimal to hexadecimal
      2.      Data formats
        1.       Converting two’s complement to decimal: Negative number example
        2.       Converting two’s complement to decimal: Positive number example
    2.     Digital logic thresholds
    3.     Serial peripheral interface
      1.      SPI bus (Serial Peripheral Interface) hardware overview
        1.       Data and control lines
      2.      SPI data latching
        1.       SPI read sequence example
      3.      SPI critical edge
      4.      SPI modes
    4.     Inter-integrated circuit (I2C) bus
      1.      I2C bus (Inter-Integrated Circuit) hardware overview
        1.       Data and control lines
      2.      I2C addressing
      3.      I2C communication
      4.      I2C interface circuitry and rise/fall timing
      5.      I2C pull-up resistor selection
    5.     Notes
  10.   ADC
    1.     ADC transfer function
      1.      ADC definitions
      2.      ADC resolution for unipolar
        1.       Full-scale range (FSR) unipolar
      3.      ADC resolution for bipolar
        1.       Full-scale range (FSR) bipolar
      4.      Resolution voltage vs. full-scale range
    2.     Quantization error of ADC
      1.      Quantization error
    3.     Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from quantization noise only
    4.     Total harmonic distortion (VRMS)
    5.     Total harmonic distortion (dBc)
    6.     AC signals
      1.      Signal-to-noise and distortion (SINAD) and effective number of bits (ENOB)
    7.     DC signals
      1.      Noise free resolution and effective resolution
    8.     Settling time and conversion accuracy
    9.     ADC system noise calculation
    10.     Effect of clock jitter on ADC SNR
    11.     Notes
  11.   DAC
    1.     DAC errors
      1.      DAC definitions
      2.      DAC offset error
      3.      DAC gain error
      4.      DAC zero-code error / negative full-scale error
      5.      DAC bipolar zero error
      6.      DAC full-scale error
    2.     DAC non-linearity
      1.      DAC differential non-linearity
      2.      DAC integral non-linearity
    3.     DAC total unadjusted error
    4.     Notes
  12.   Multiplexer
    1.     CMOS switch construction
    2.     ON-resistance (RON)
    3.     RON flatness
    4.     Effective op amp gain including MUX RON
      1.      Design tips
    5.     ON and OFF capacitance (CON/ COFF)
    6.     Leakage current
      1.      Off leakage current
      2.      On leakage current
    7.     Charge injection (QINJ)
    8.     Bandwidth (BW)
    9.     Channel-to-channel crosstalk (XTALK)
    10.     OFF-isolation
    11.     Total harmonic distortion plus noise (THD+N)
    12.     Notes
  13.   TI Worldwide Technical Support

Power dissipation calculation

Current and power dissipation for non-inverting amplifier Figure 55 Current and power dissipation for non-inverting amplifier

Non-inverting amplifier power dissipation for specific VOUT

Current through load resistor

Equation 140. I RL = V OUT R L

Current through feedback network

Equation 141. I FB = V OUT R F + R g

Power dissipated inside op amp from load current.

Equation 142. P L = I RL + I FB V sup − V OUT

Vsup = Vpos if the amplifier is sourcing.

Vsup = Vneg if the amplifier is sinking.

Total power from quiescent current

Equation 143. P Q = V pos − V neg · I Q

Total power dissipated inside the op amp

Equation 144. P T = P L + P Q

Non-inverting amplifier maximum power dissipation

Equivalent load resistance

Equation 145. R L _ EQ = R L | | R g + R F

Maximum DC power dissipation inside the amplifier. Max power occurs when VOUT= ½ Vsup. Vsup = Vpos = |Vneg| for a dual symmetrical supply. Vsup = Vpos for single supply configuration.

Equation 146. P dc _ max = V sup 2 4 · R L _ EQ

Maximum AC average power dissipation for a sinusoidal signal on dual supply configuration. Max average power occurs when the VOUT_pk = (2∙Vcc/π). Vsup = Vpos = Vneg for a dual symmetrical supply. For single supply max average AC power is equal to Pdc_max. This assumes sinewave is centered at mid-supply.

Equation 147. P ac _ max _ avg = 2 · V sup 2 π 2 · R L _ EQ

Junction temperature as a function of power and ambient temperature. Tj = junction temperature. θja = junction to ambient thermal resistance. P = Pdc_max or Pac_max_avg depending on your application. Ta = ambient temperature.

Equation 148. T j = θ ja · P + T a
Current and power dissipation for inverting amplifier Figure 56 Current and power dissipation for inverting amplifier

Inverting amplifier power dissipation for specific VOUT

Current through load resistor

Equation 149. I RL = V OUT R L

Current through feedback network

Equation 150. I FB = V OUT R F

Power dissipated in op amp from load current, where Vsup = Vpos if the amplifier is sourcing, or Vneg if the amplifier is sinking

Equation 151. P L = I RL + I FB V sup − V OUT

Total power from quiescent current

Equation 152. P Q = V pos − V neg · I Q

Total power dissipated inside the op amp

Equation 153. P T = P L + P Q

Equivalent load resistance

Equation 154. P L _ EQ = R L | | R F

Inverting amplifier maximum power dissipation

Maximum DC power dissipation inside the amplifier. Max power occurs when VOUT = ½ Vsup. Vsup = Vpos = |Vneg|for a dual symmetrical supply. Vsup = Vpos for single supply configuration.

Equation 155. P dc _ max = V sup 2 4 · R L _ EQ

Maximum AC average power dissipation for a sinusoidal signal on dual supply configuration. Max average power occurs when the VOUT_pk= (2∙Vcc/π). Vsup = Vpos = Vneg for a dual symmetrical supply. For single supply max average AC power is equal to Pdc_max. This assumes sinewave is centered at mid-supply.

Equation 156. P ac _ max _ avg = 2 · V sup 2 π 2 · R L _ EQ

Junction temperature as a function of power and ambient temperature. Tj = junction temperature. θja = junction to ambient thermal resistance. P = Pdc_max or Pac_max_avg depending on your application. Ta = ambient temperature.

Equation 157. T j = θ ja · P + T a