SLOA289B May   2020  – September 2021 66AK2H06 , 66AK2H12 , 66AK2H14 , ADS8588H , AMC3301 , ISO224 , ISO7740 , ISO7741 , ISO7742 , LMZ30604 , SN65LVDS047 , SN65LVDS048A , UCC12040 , UCC12050

 

  1.   Trademarks
  2. 1HVDC Power Transmission Overview and Architecture
    1. 1.1 Electrical Power - Generation, Transmission and Distribution
    2. 1.2 HVAC to HVDC Power Transmission
      1. 1.2.1 Comparison of HVDC and HVAC
      2. 1.2.2 Primary Objectives of HVDC Transmission
    3. 1.3 Working Principle of HVDC Transmission Station
    4. 1.4 Advantages of HVDC Transmission
  3. 2HVDC Transmission System (HVDC station)
    1. 2.1 HVDC Transmission Technologies
    2. 2.2 HVDC Transmission System (HVDC station) Key Components
      1. 2.2.1 Converter
      2. 2.2.2 Converter Valve Arms
        1. 2.2.2.1 Converter Phase Arms
      3. 2.2.3 Converter Transformers
      4. 2.2.4 Power Transmission Lines
      5. 2.2.5 Components for Ripple Control, Harmonic Control and Waveform Shaping
      6. 2.2.6 Protection Equipment
  4. 3HVDC transmission station - Control and Protection (C and P)
    1. 3.1 Control OF HVDC Transmission Station
      1. 3.1.1 System Control
      2. 3.1.2 Master Control
      3. 3.1.3 Station Control
      4. 3.1.4 Pole or Converter Control
      5. 3.1.5 Valve Base Control VBC (valve unit control)
    2. 3.2 HVDC Transmission Station Protection
      1. 3.2.1 Protection of AC Section of HVDC Station
      2. 3.2.2 Protection of DC Section of HVDC Station
      3. 3.2.3 Equipment Protection and Monitoring
      4. 3.2.4 Sampling and DC Fault Detection
    3. 3.3 Fault Recording and Monitoring
    4. 3.4 Control and Protection Panel
    5. 3.5 Diagnostics and Monitoring
  5. 4HVDC Transmission Control and Protection – System Level Block Diagram
  6. 5TI Solutions for HVDC Transmission Station Control and Protection
    1. 5.1 TI Products
      1. 5.1.1 Analog
      2. 5.1.2 Embedded Processing
      3. 5.1.3 Power Supply and Gate Drivers
      4. 5.1.4 High-Speed On-Board Interface and External Communication
      5. 5.1.5 Board Level Isolation and Protection
  7. 6Summary
  8. 7TI Reference Designs
  9. 8Additional References
  10. 9Revision History

2.1 HVDC Transmission Technologies

To utilize DC, a conversion step is necessary. In order to convert high voltage AC power to DC power, two technologies are available, classical Line Commutated Converter (LCC) and the Voltage Source Converter (VSC). LCC is commonly called as HVDC Classic, while VSC has a several names, like HVDC Light (ABB), HVDC Plus (Siemens), HVDC MaxSine (Alstom) and Flexible HVDC (China).

LCC converter technology is based on a semiconductor-based switch named thyristor. Thyristors need to be turned on, or fired, to start conducting current. These switches can withstand the AC voltage in either polarity but current can only flow in one direction and can be limited by adjusting the time the thyristors are turned on. This time, or angle in a sinusoid, at which the thyristors are turned on is called the firing angle, or valve ignition delay angle, and is used to control power flow between the HVDC stations.

Voltage Source Converter technology is based on Insular Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT). The IGBT can be controlled both with regards to being turned on or off. In VSC technology, the DC current can flow in both directions. That is a benefit over the LCC technology in which the current can flow in one direction. Considering the bi-directional capability of the DC current flow in VSC, there is no need to change the DC voltage polarity of the converters to change the power flow direction between converters. Compared to LCC technology, it is possible for VSC to be connected to weak grids that has low short-circuited level.

In VSC based HVDC, Power can be controlled by changing the phase angle of the converter AC voltage with respect to the filter bus voltage, whereas the reactive power can be controlled by changing the magnitude of the fundamental component of the converter AC voltage with respect to the filter bus voltage. By controlling these two aspects of the converter voltage, operation in all four quadrants is possible.