SLVS839H July   2008  – October 2023 TPS54331

PRODUCTION DATA  

  1.   1
  2. 1 Features
  3. 2 Applications
  4. 3 Description
  5. 4 Revision History
  6. 5 Pin Configuration and Functions
  7. 6 Specifications
    1. 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 6.2 ESD Ratings
    3. 6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 6.4 Thermal Information
    5. 6.5 Electrical Characteristics
    6. 6.6 Switching Characteristics
    7. 6.7 Typical Characteristics
  8. 7 Detailed Description
    1. 7.1 Overview
    2. 7.2 Functional Block Diagram
    3. 7.3 Feature Description
      1. 7.3.1  Fixed-Frequency PWM Control
      2. 7.3.2  Voltage Reference (VREF)
      3. 7.3.3  Bootstrap Voltage (BOOT)
      4. 7.3.4  Enable and Adjustable Input Undervoltage Lockout (VIN UVLO)
      5. 7.3.5  Programmable Slow Start Using SS Pin
      6. 7.3.6  Error Amplifier
      7. 7.3.7  Slope Compensation
      8. 7.3.8  Current-Mode Compensation Design
      9. 7.3.9  Overcurrent Protection and Frequency Shift
      10. 7.3.10 Overvoltage Transient Protection
      11. 7.3.11 Thermal Shutdown
    4. 7.4 Device Functional Modes
      1. 7.4.1 Eco-mode
      2. 7.4.2 Operation With VIN < 3.5 V
      3. 7.4.3 Operation With EN Control
  9. 8 Application and Implementation
    1. 8.1 Application Information
    2. 8.2 Typical Application
      1. 8.2.1 Design Requirements
      2. 8.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        1. 8.2.2.1  Custom Design with WEBENCH® Tools
        2. 8.2.2.2  Switching Frequency
        3. 8.2.2.3  Output Voltage Set-Point
        4. 8.2.2.4  Input Capacitors
        5. 8.2.2.5  Output Filter Components
          1. 8.2.2.5.1 Inductor Selection
        6. 8.2.2.6  Capacitor Selection
        7. 8.2.2.7  Compensation Components
        8. 8.2.2.8  Bootstrap Capacitor
        9. 8.2.2.9  Catch Diode
        10. 8.2.2.10 Output Voltage Limitations
        11. 8.2.2.11 Power Dissipation Estimate
      3. 8.2.3 Application Curves
    3. 8.3 Power Supply Recommendations
    4. 8.4 Layout
      1. 8.4.1 Layout Guidelines
      2. 8.4.2 Layout Example
      3. 8.4.3 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Considerations
  10. 9 Device and Documentation Support
    1. 9.1 Device Support
      1. 9.1.1 Development Support
        1. 9.1.1.1 Custom Design with WEBENCH® Tools
    2. 9.2 Support Resources
    3. 9.3 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
    4. 9.4 Trademarks
    5. 9.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    6. 9.6 Glossary
  11. 10Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

Package Options

Mechanical Data (Package|Pins)
Thermal pad, mechanical data (Package|Pins)
Orderable Information

8.2.2.6 Capacitor Selection

The important design factors for the output capacitor are DC voltage rating, ripple current rating, and equivalent series resistance (ESR). The DC voltage and ripple current ratings cannot be exceeded. The ESR is important because along with the inductor current it determines the amount of output ripple voltage. The actual value of the output capacitor is not critical, but some practical limits do exist. Consider the relationship between the desired closed-loop crossover frequency of the design and LC corner frequency of the output filter. In general, keeping the closed-loop crossover frequency at less than 1/5 of the switching frequency is desired. With high switching frequencies such as the 570-kHz frequency of this design, internal circuit limitations of the TPS54331 device limit the practical maximum crossover frequency to approximately 25 kHz. In general, the closed-loop crossover frequency must be higher than the corner frequency determined by the load impedance and the output capacitor. Use Equation 12 to calculate the limits of the minimum capacitor value.

Equation 12. C O M I N = 1 2 × π × R O × F C O M A X

where

  • RO is the output load impedance (VO / IO).
  • FCO(MAX) is the desired crossover frequency.

For a desired maximum crossover of 25 kHz, the minimum value for the output capacitor is approximately 5.8 μF. This value may not satisfy the output ripple voltage requirement. The output ripple voltage consists of two components: the voltage change because of the charge and discharge of the output filter capacitance and the voltage change because the ripple current times the ESR of the output filter capacitor. Use Equation 13 to estimate the output ripple voltage.

Equation 13. VOPP=ILPP×D-0.54×FSW×CO+RESR

The maximum ESR of the output capacitor can be determined from the amount of allowable output ripple as specified in the initial design parameters. The contribution to the output ripple voltage because the ESR is the inductor ripple current times the ESR of the output filter. Therefore, use Equation 14 to calculate the maximum specified ESR as listed in the capacitor data sheet.

Equation 14. ESRMAX=VOPPMAXILPP-D-0.54×FSW×CO

where

  • VOPP(MAX) is the desired maximum peak-to-peak output ripple.

Use Equation 15 to calculate the maximum RMS ripple current.

Equation 15. ICOUTRMS=112×VOUT×VINMAX-VOUTVINMAX×LOUT×FSW×NC

where

  • NC is the number of output capacitors in parallel.

For this design example, two 47-μF ceramic output capacitors are selected for C8 and C9. These capacitors are TDK C3216X5R0J476MT, rated at 6.3 V with a maximum ESR of 2 mΩ and a ripple current rating in excess of
3 A. The calculated total RMS ripple current is 161 mA (80.6 mA each) and the maximum total ESR required is 43 mΩ. These output capacitors exceed the requirements by a wide margin and result in a reliable, high-performance design.

Note:

The actual capacitance in circuit may be less than the catalog value when the output is operating at the desired output of 3.3 V.

The selected output capacitor must be rated for a voltage greater than the desired output voltage plus half of the ripple voltage. Any derating amount must also be included. Other capacitor types work well with the TPS54331 device, depending on the needs of the application.