10.1 Layout Guidelines
For best operational performance of the device, use good PCB layout practices, including:
- Noise can propagate into analog circuitry through the power pins of the circuit as a whole and the operational amplifier. Bypass capacitors reduce the coupled noise by providing low impedance power sources local to the analog circuitry.
- Connect low-ESR, 0.1-μF ceramic bypass capacitors between each supply pin and ground, placed as close as possible to the device. A single bypass capacitor from V+ to ground is applicable for single-supply applications.
- Separate grounding for analog and digital portions of circuitry is one of the simplest and most-effective methods of noise suppression. One or more layers on multilayer PCBs are usually devoted to ground planes. A ground plane helps distribute heat and reduces EMI noise pickup. Make sure to physically separate digital and analog grounds, paying attention to the flow of the ground current. For more detailed information, see Circuit Board Layout Techniques.
- To reduce parasitic coupling, run the input traces as far away as possible from the supply or output traces. If it is not possible to keep them separate, it is much better to cross the sensitive trace perpendicular as opposed to in parallel with the noisy trace.
- Place the external components as close as possible to the device. Keeping RF and RG close to the inverting input minimizes parasitic capacitance, as shown in Layout Example.
- Keep the length of input traces as short as possible. Always remember that the input traces are the most sensitive part of the circuit.
- Consider a driven, low-impedance guard ring around the critical traces. A guard ring can significantly reduce leakage currents from nearby traces that are at different potentials.