SNVS565I November   2008  – August 2015 LM5085 , LM5085-Q1

PRODUCTION DATA.  

  1. Features
  2. Applications
  3. Description
  4. Revision History
  5. Pin Configuration and Functions
  6. Specifications
    1. 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 6.2 ESD Ratings: LM5085
    3. 6.3 ESD Ratings: LM5085-Q1
    4. 6.4 Recommended Operating Conditions
    5. 6.5 Thermal Information
    6. 6.6 Electrical Characteristics
    7. 6.7 Typical Characteristics
  7. Detailed Description
    1. 7.1 Overview
    2. 7.2 Functional Block Diagram
    3. 7.3 Feature Description
      1. 7.3.1  Regulation Control Circuit
      2. 7.3.2  On-Time Timer
      3. 7.3.3  Shutdown
      4. 7.3.4  Current Limiting
      5. 7.3.5  Current Limit Off-Time
      6. 7.3.6  VCC Regulator
      7. 7.3.7  PGATE Driver Output
      8. 7.3.8  P-Channel MOSFET Selection
      9. 7.3.9  Soft-Start
      10. 7.3.10 Thermal Shutdown
    4. 7.4 Device Functional Modes
      1. 7.4.1 Standby Mode with VIN <4.5 V
      2. 7.4.2 RT Shutdown Mode
  8. Application and Implementation
    1. 8.1 Application Information
    2. 8.2 Typical Application
      1. 8.2.1 Design Requirements
      2. 8.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        1. 8.2.2.1 External Components
        2. 8.2.2.2 Alternate Output Ripple Configurations
      3. 8.2.3 Application Curves
  9. Power Supply Recommendations
  10. 10Layout
    1. 10.1 Layout Guidelines
    2. 10.2 Layout Example
  11. 11Device and Documentation Support
    1. 11.1 Related Links
    2. 11.2 Trademarks
    3. 11.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    4. 11.4 Glossary
  12. 12Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

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発注情報

8 Application and Implementation

NOTE

Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.

8.1 Application Information

The LM5085/LM5085-Q1 devices are step-down DC-DC converters. The devices are typically used to convert a higher DC voltage to a lower DC voltage. Use the following design procedure to select component values. Alternately, use the WEBENCH® software to generate a complete design. The WEBENCH software uses an iterative design procedure and accesses a comprehensive database of components when generating a design. This section presents a simplified discussion of the design process.

8.2 Typical Application

The final circuit is shown in Figure 25, and its performance is presented in Figure 29 through Figure 32.

LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057742.gifFigure 25. Example Circuit

8.2.1 Design Requirements

Referring to Functional Block Diagram, the circuit is to be configured for the following specifications:

  • VOUT = 5V
  • VIN = 7V to 55V, 12V Nominal
  • Maximum load current (IOUT(max)) = 5A
  • Minimum load current (IOUT(min)) = 600mA (for continuous conduction mode)
  • Switching Frequency (FSW) = 300kHz
  • Maximum allowable output ripple (VOS) = 5mVp-p
  • Selected PFET: Vishay Si7465

8.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure

8.2.2.1 External Components

The procedure for calculating the external components is illustrated with the following design example.

Selected PFET: Vishay Si7465

RFB1 and RFB2: These resistors set the output voltage. The ratio of these resistors is calculated from:

Equation 15. RFB2/RFB1 = (VOUT/1.25V) - 1

For this example, RFB2/RFB1 = 3. Typically, RFB1 and RFB2 should be chosen from standard value resistors in the range of 1kΩ to 20kΩ which satisfy the above ratio. For this example, RFB2 = 10kΩ, and RFB1 = 3.4kΩ.

RT, PFET: Before selecting the RT resistor, the PFET must be selected as its turn-on and turn-off delays affect the calculated value of RT. For the Vishay Si7465 PFET, the difference of its typical turn-off and turn-on delays is 57ns. Using Equation 5 at nominal input voltage, RT calculates to be:

Equation 16. LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057730.gif

A standard value 90.9kΩ resistor is selected. Using Equation 3, the minimum on-time at the PGATE pin, which occurs at maximum input voltage (55V), is calculated to be 300ns. This minimum one-shot period is sufficiently longer than the minimum recommended value of 150ns. The minimum on-time at the SW node (junction of Q1, D1, L1) is longer due to the delay added by the PFET (57ns). Therefore the minimum SW node on-time is 357ns at 55V. The maximum on-time at the SW node is calculated to be 2.55µs at 7V.

L1: The main parameter controlled by the inductor value is the current ripple amplitude (IOR). See Figure 26. The minimum load current for continuous conduction mode is used to determine the maximum allowable ripple such that the inductor current valley does not fall to zero. Continuous conduction mode operation at minimum load current is not a requirement of the LM5085, but serves as a guideline for selecting L1. For this example, the maximum ripple current is:

Equation 17. IOR(max) = 2 x IOUT(min) = 1.2 Amp

If the minimum load current of the application is zero, a good initial estimate for the maximum ripple current (IOR(max)) is 20% of the maximum load current. The ripple calculated in Equation 17 is then used in the following equation to calculate L1:

Equation 18. LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057731.gif

A standard value 15µH inductor is selected. Using this inductance value, the maximum ripple current amplitude, which occurs at maximum input voltage, is calculated to be 1.19 Ap-p. The peak current (IPK) at maximum load current is 5.6A. However, the current rating of the selected inductor must be based on the maximum current limit value calculated below.

LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057732.gifFigure 26. Inductor Current Waveform

RSEN, RADJ: To achieve good current limit accuracy and avoid over designing the power stage components, the sense resistor method is used for current limiting in this example. A standard value 10mΩ resistor is selected for RSEN, resulting in a 50mV drop at maximum load current, and a maximum 0.25W power dissipation in the resistor. Since the LM5085 uses peak current detection, the minimum value for the current limit threshold must be equal to the maximum load current (5A) plus half the maximum ripple amplitude calculated above:

Equation 19. ICL(min) = 5A + 1.19A/2 = 5.6A

At this current level the voltage across RSEN is 56mV. Adding the current limit comparator offset of 9mV (max) increases the required current limit threshold to 6.5A. Using Equation 9 with the minimum value for the ADJ pin current (32µA), the required RADJ resistor is calculated to be:

Equation 20. LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057733.gif

A standard value 2.1kΩ resistor is selected. The nominal current limit threshold is:

Equation 21. LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057734.gif

Using the tolerances for the ADJ pin current and the current limit comparator offset, the maximum current limit threshold is calculated to be:

Equation 22. LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057735.gif

The minimum current limit threshold is:

Equation 23. LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057736.gif

The load current in each case is equal to the current limit threshold minus half the current ripple amplitude. The recommended value of 1000pF for CADJ is used in this example.

COUT: Since the maximum allowed output ripple voltage is very low in this example (5 mVp-p), the minimum ripple configuration (R3, C1, and C2 in the Block Diagram) must be used. The resulting ripple at VOUT is then due to the inductor’s ripple current passing through COUT. This capacitor’s value can be selected based on the maximum allowable ripple voltage at VOUT, or based on transient response requirements. The following calculation, based on ripple voltage, provides a first order result for the value of COUT:

Equation 24. LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057737.gif

where IOR(max) is the maximum ripple current calculated above, and VRIPPLE is the allowable ripple at VOUT.

Equation 25. LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057738.gif

A 100µF capacitor is selected. Typically the ripple amplitude will be higher than the calculations indicate due to the capacitor’s ESR.

R3, C1, C2: The minimum ripple configuration uses these three components to generate the ripple voltage required at the FB pin since there is insufficient ripple at VOUT. A minimum of 25 mVp-p must be applied to the FB pin to obtain stable constant frequency operation. R3 and C1 are selected to generate a sawtooth waveform at their junction, and that waveform is AC coupled to the FB pin via C2. The values of the three components are determined using the following procedure:

Equation 26. Calculate VA = VOUT - (VSW x (1 – (VOUT/VIN(min))))

where VSW is the absolute value of the voltage at the SW node during the off-time, typically 0.5V to 1V depending on the diode D1. Using a typical value of 0.65V, VA calculates to 4.81V. VA is the nominal DC voltage at the R3/C1 junction, and is used in the next equation to calculate the R3-C3 product:

Equation 27. LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057739.gif

where tON is the maximum on-time (at minimum input voltage), and ΔV is the desired ripple amplitude at the R3-C1 junction. For ripple voltage of 25 mVp-p:

Equation 28. LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057740.gif

R3 and C1 are then selected from standard value components to produce the product calculated above. Typical values for C1 are 3000pF to 10,000pF, and R3 is typically from 10kΩ to 300kΩ. C2 is then chosen large compared to C1, typically 0.1µF. For this example, 3300pF is chosen for C1, requiring R3 to be 67.7kΩ. A standard value 66.5kΩ resistor is selected.

CIN, CBYP:These capacitors limit the voltage ripple at VIN by supplying most of the switch current during the on-time. At maximum load current, when Q1 is switched on, the current through Q1 suddenly increases to the lower peak of the inductor’s ripple current, then ramps up to the upper peak, and then drops to zero at turn-off. The average current during the on-time is the load current. For a worst case calculation, these capacitors must supply this average load current during the maximum on-time, while limiting the voltage drop at VIN. For this example, 0.5V is selected as the maximum allowable droop at VIN. The minimum input capacitance is calculated from:

Equation 29. LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057741.gif

A 33µF electrolytic capacitor is selected for CIN, and a 1µF ceramic capacitor is selected for CBYP. Due to the ESR of CIN, the ripple at VIN will likely be higher than the calculation indicates, and therefore it may be desirable to increase CIN to 47µF or 68µF. CBYP must be located as close as possible to the VIN and GND pins of the LM5085. The voltage rating for both capacitors must be at least 55V. The RMS ripple current rating for the input capacitors must also be considered. A good approximation for the required ripple current rating is IRMS > IOUT/2.

D1: A Schottky diode is recommended. Ultra-fast recovery diodes are not recommended as the high speed transitions at the SW node may affect the regulator’s operation due to the diode’s reverse recovery transients. The diode must be rated for the maximum input voltage, and the worst case current limit level. The average power dissipation in the diode is calculated from:

Equation 30. PD1 = VF x IOUT x (1-D)

where VF is the diode’s forward voltage drop, and D is the on-time duty cycle. Using Equation 1, the minimum duty cycle occurs at maximum input voltage, and is calculated to be ≊9.1% in this example. The diode power dissipation calculates to be:

Equation 31. PD1 = 0.65V x 5A x (1- 0.091) = 2.95W

CVCC: The capacitor at the VCC pin (from VIN to VCC) provides not only noise filtering and stability for the VCC regulator, but also provides the surge current for the PFET gate drive. The typical recommended value for CVCC is 0.47µF. A good quality, low ESR, ceramic capacitor is recommended. CVCC must be located as close as possible to the VIN and VCC pins. If the selected PFET has a Total Gate Charge specification of 100nC or larger, or if the circuit is required to operate at input voltages below 7V, a larger capacitor may be required. The maximum recommended value for CVCC is 1µF.

IC Power Dissipation: The maximum power dissipated in the LM5085 package is calculated using Equation 14 at the maximum input voltage. The Total Gate Charge for the Si7465 PFET is specified to be 40nC (max) in its data sheet. Therefore the total power dissipation within the LM5085 is calculated to be:

Equation 32. PDISS = 55V x ((40nC x 300kHz) + 1.4mA) = 737mW

Using an HVSSOP package with a θJA of 46°C/W produces a temperature rise of 34°C from junction to ambient.

8.2.2.2 Alternate Output Ripple Configurations

The minimum ripple configuration employing C1, C2, and R3 in Figure 25 results in a low ripple amplitude at VOUT determined mainly by the characteristics of the output capacitor and the ripple current in L1. This configuration allows multiple ceramic capacitors to be used for VOUT if the output voltage is provided to several places on the PC board. However, if a slightly higher level of ripple at VOUT is acceptable in the application, and distributed capacitance is not used, the ripple required for the FB comparator pin can be generated with fewer external components using the circuits shown below.

a) Reduced ripple configuration: In Figure 27, R3, C1 and C2 are removed (compared to Figure 25). A low value resistor (R4) is added in series with COUT, and a capacitor (Cff) is added across RFB2. Ripple is generated at VOUT by the inductor ripple current flowing through R4, and that ripple voltage is passed to the FB pin via Cff. The ripple at VOUT can be set as low as 25 mVp-p since it is not attenuated by RFB2 and RFB1. The minimum value for R4 is calculated from:

Equation 33. LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057747.gif

where IOR(min) is the minimum ripple current, which occurs at minimum input voltage. The minimum value for Cff is determined from:

Equation 34. LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057748.gif

where tON(max) is the maximum on-time, which occurs at minimum VIN. The next larger standard value capacitor should be used for Cff.

LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057749.gifFigure 27. Reduced Ripple Configuration

b) Lowest cost configuration: This configuration, shown in Figure 28, is the same as Figure 27 except Cff is removed. Since the ripple voltage at VOUT is attenuated by RFB2 and RFB1, the minimum ripple required at VOUT is equal to:

Equation 35. VRIP(min) = 25mV x (RFB2 + RFB1)/RFB1

The minimum value for R4 is calculated from:

Equation 36. LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057750.gif

where IOR(min) is the minimum ripple current, which occurs at minimum input voltage.

LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057751.gifFigure 28. Lowest Cost Ripple Generating Configuration

8.2.3 Application Curves

LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057705.pngFigure 29. Efficiency vs. Load Current and VIN
(Circuit of Figure 25)
LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057745.pngFigure 31. Current Limit vs. VIN
(Circuit of Figure 25)
LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057744.pngFigure 30. Frequency vs. VIN
(Circuit of Figure 25)
LM5085 LM5085-Q1 30057746.pngFigure 32. LM5085 Power Dissipation
(Circuit of Figure 25)