SLVSAG8G September   2011  – June 2016 TPS61253 , TPS61254 , TPS61256 , TPS61258 , TPS61259 , TPS612592

UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED, this document contains PRODUCTION DATA.  

  1. Features
  2. Applications
  3. Description
  4. Revision History
  5. Device Options
  6. Pin Configuration and Functions
  7. Specifications
    1. 7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 7.2 ESD Ratings
    3. 7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 7.4 Thermal Information
    5. 7.5 Electrical Characteristics
    6. 7.6 Typical Characteristics
  8. Parameter Measurement Information
  9. Detailed Description
    1. 9.1 Overview
    2. 9.2 Functional Block Diagram
    3. 9.3 Feature Description
      1. 9.3.1 Current Limit Operation
      2. 9.3.2 Enable
      3. 9.3.3 Load Disconnect and Reverse Current Protection
      4. 9.3.4 Softstart
      5. 9.3.5 Undervoltage Lockout
      6. 9.3.6 Thermal Regulation
      7. 9.3.7 Thermal Shutdown
    4. 9.4 Device Functional Modes
      1. 9.4.1 Power Save Mode
      2. 9.4.2 Standby Mode
  10. 10Application and Implementation
    1. 10.1 Application Information
    2. 10.2 Typical Application
      1. 10.2.1 Design Requirements
      2. 10.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        1. 10.2.2.1 Inductor Selection
        2. 10.2.2.2 Output Capacitor
        3. 10.2.2.3 Input Capacitor
        4. 10.2.2.4 Checking Loop Stability
      3. 10.2.3 Application Curves
    3. 10.3 System Examples
  11. 11Power Supply Recommendations
  12. 12Layout
    1. 12.1 Layout Guidelines
    2. 12.2 Layout Example
    3. 12.3 Thermal Considerations
  13. 13Device and Documentation Support
    1. 13.1 Device Support
      1. 13.1.1 Third-Party Products Disclaimer
    2. 13.2 Related Links
    3. 13.3 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
    4. 13.4 Community Resources
    5. 13.5 Trademarks
    6. 13.6 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    7. 13.7 Glossary
  14. 14Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
    1. 14.1 Package Summary
      1. 14.1.1 Package Dimensions

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発注情報

10 Application and Implementation

NOTE

Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.

10.1 Application Information

With a wide input voltage range of 2.3 V to 5.5 V, the TPS6125x supports applications powered by Li-Ion batteries with extended voltage range. Intended for low-power applications, it supports up to 800-mA load current from a battery discharged as low as 2.65 V and allows the use of low cost chip inductor and capacitors. Different fixed voltage output versions are available from 3.15 V to 5.0 V. The TPS6125x offers a very small solution size due to minimum amount of external components. It allows the use of small inductors and input capacitors to achieve a small solution size. During shutdown, the load is completely disconnected from the battery.

10.2 Typical Application

This section details an application with TPS61256 to output fixed 5.0 V.

TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 app_cir_fp_lvsag8.gif Figure 28. Smallest Solution Size Application

10.2.1 Design Requirements

In this example, TPS61256 is used to design a 5-V power supply with up to 700-mA output current capability. The TPS61256 can be powered by one-cell Li-ion battery, and in this example the input voltage range is from 2.65 V to 4.85 V.

10.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure

Table 3. List of Components

REFERENCE DESCRIPTION PART NUMBER, MANUFACTURER(1)
L(2) 1.0 μH, 1.8 A, 48 mΩ, 3.2 x 2.5 x 1.0mm max. height LQM32PN1R0MG0, muRata
L(3) 1.0 μH, 3.7 A, 37 mΩ, 3.2 x 2.5 x 1.2mm max. height DFE322512C, TOKO
CI 4.7 μF, 6.3 V, 0402, X5R ceramic GRM155R60J475M, muRata
CO 10 μF, 6.3 V, 0603, X5R ceramic GRM188R60J106ME84, muRata
(2) Inductor used to characterize TPS61254YFF, TPS61255YFF, TPS61256YFF and TPS61257YFF devices.
(3) Inductor used to characterize TPS61253YFF, TPS61258YFF and TPS61259YFF devices.

10.2.2.1 Inductor Selection

A boost converter normally requires two main passive components for storing energy during the conversion, an inductor and an output capacitor. It is advisable to select an inductor with a saturation current rating higher than the possible peak current flowing through the power switches.

The inductor peak current varies as a function of the load, the input and output voltages and can be estimated using Equation 4.

Equation 4. TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 eq8_Ilpeak_lvs956.gif

Selecting an inductor with insufficient saturation performance can lead to excessive peak current in the converter. This could eventually harm the device and reduce its reliability.

When selecting the inductor, as well as the inductance, parameters of importance are: maximum current rating, series resistance, and operating temperature. The inductor DC current rating should be greater (by some margin) than the maximum input average current, refer to Equation 5 and Current Limit Operation section for more details.

Equation 5. TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 eq1_IINDC_lvsag8.gif

The TPS6125x series of step-up converters have been optimized to operate with a effective inductance in the range of 0.7 µH to 2.9 µH and with output capacitors in the range of 10 µF to 47 µF. The internal compensation is optimized for an output filter of L = 1 µH and CO = 10 µF. Larger or smaller inductor values can be used to optimize the performance of the device for specific operating conditions. For more details, see the Checking Loop Stability section.

In high-frequency converter applications, the efficiency is essentially affected by the inductor AC resistance (i.e. quality factor) and to a smaller extent by the inductor DCR value. To achieve high efficiency operation, care should be taken in selecting inductors featuring a quality factor above 25 at the switching frequency. Increasing the inductor value produces lower RMS currents, but degrades transient response. For a given physical inductor size, increased inductance usually results in an inductor with lower saturation current.

The total losses of the coil consist of both the losses in the DC resistance, R(DC) , and the following frequency-dependent components:

  • The losses in the core material (magnetic hysteresis loss, especially at high switching frequencies)
  • Additional losses in the conductor from the skin effect (current displacement at high frequencies)
  • Magnetic field losses of the neighboring windings (proximity effect)
  • Radiation losses

The following inductor series from different suppliers have been used with the TPS6125x converters.

Table 4. List of Inductors

MANUFACTURER(1) SERIES DIMENSIONS (in mm)
HITACHI METALS KSLI-322512BL1-1R0 3.2 x 2.5 x 1.2 max. height
MURATA LQM32PN1R0MG0 3.2 x 2.5 x 1.0 max. height
LQM2HPN1R0MG0 2.5 x 2.0 x 1.0 max. height
LQM21PN1R5MC0 2.0 x 1.2 x 0.55 max height
TOKO DFE322512C-1R0 3.2 x 2.5 x 1.2 max. height
MDT2012-CLR1R0AM 2.0 x 1.2 x 0.58 max height

10.2.2.2 Output Capacitor

For the output capacitor, it is recommended to use small ceramic capacitors placed as close as possible to the VOUT and GND pins of the IC. If, for any reason, the application requires the use of large capacitors which can not be placed close to the IC, using a smaller ceramic capacitor in parallel to the large one is highly recommended. This small capacitor should be placed as close as possible to the VOUT and GND pins of the IC. To get an estimate of the recommended minimum output capacitance, Equation 6 can be used.

Equation 6. TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 eq9_Cmin_lvsag3.gif

Where f is the switching frequency which is 3.5 MHz (typ.) and ΔV is the maximum allowed output ripple.

With a chosen ripple voltage of 20mV, a minimum effective capacitance of 9μF is needed. The total ripple is larger due to the ESR of the output capacitor. This additional component of the ripple can be calculated using Equation 7

Equation 7. TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 eq10_Vesr_lvsag3.gif

An MLCC capacitor with twice the value of the calculated minimum should be used due to DC bias effects. This is required to maintain control loop stability. The output capacitor requires either an X7R or X5R dielectric. Y5V and Z5U dielectric capacitors, aside from their wide variation in capacitance over temperature, become resistive at high frequencies. There are no additional requirements regarding minimum ESR. Larger capacitors cause lower output voltage ripple as well as lower output voltage drop during load transients but the total output capacitance value should not exceed ca. 50µF.

DC bias effect: high cap. ceramic capacitors exhibit DC bias effects, which have a strong influence on the device's effective capacitance. Therefore the right capacitor value has to be chosen very carefully. Package size and voltage rating in combination with material are responsible for differences between the rated capacitor value and it's effective capacitance. For instance, a 10-µF X5R 6.3-V 0603 MLCC capacitor would typically show an effective capacitance of less than 4 µF (under 5 V bias condition, high temperature).

In applications featuring high pulsed load currents (e.g. TPS61253 based solution) it is recommended to run the converter with a reasonable amount of effective output capacitance, for instance x2 10-µF X5R 6.3-V 0603 MLCC capacitors connected in parallel.

10.2.2.3 Input Capacitor

Multilayer ceramic capacitors are an excellent choice for input decoupling of the step-up converter as they have extremely low ESR and are available in small footprints. Input capacitors should be located as close as possible to the device. While a 4.7-μF input capacitor is sufficient for most applications, larger values may be used to reduce input current ripple without limitations.

Take care when using only ceramic input capacitors. When a ceramic capacitor is used at the input and the power is being supplied through long wires, such as from a wall adapter, a load step at the output can induce ringing at the VIN pin. This ringing can couple to the output and be mistaken as loop instability or could even damage the part. Additional "bulk" capacitance (electrolytic or tantalum) should in this circumstance be placed between CI and the power source lead to reduce ringing that can occur between the inductance of the power source leads and CI.

10.2.2.4 Checking Loop Stability

The first step of circuit and stability evaluation is to look from a steady-state perspective at the following signals:

  • Switching node, SW
  • Inductor current, IL
  • Output ripple voltage, VOUT(AC)

These are the basic signals that need to be measured when evaluating a switching converter. When the switching waveform shows large duty cycle jitter or the output voltage or inductor current shows oscillations, the regulation loop may be unstable. This is often a result of board layout and/or L-C combination.

As a next step in the evaluation of the regulation loop, the load transient response is tested. The time between the application of the load transient and the turn on of the P-channel MOSFET, the output capacitor must supply all of the current required by the load. VOUT immediately shifts by an amount equal to ΔI(LOAD) x ESR, where ESR is the effective series resistance of COUT. ΔI(LOAD) begins to charge or discharge COUT generating a feedback error signal used by the regulator to return VOUT to its steady-state value. The results are most easily interpreted when the device operates in PWM mode.

During this recovery time, VOUT can be monitored for settling time, overshoot or ringing that helps judge the converter’s stability. Without any ringing, the loop has usually more than 45° of phase margin. Because the damping factor of the circuitry is directly related to several resistive parameters (e.g., MOSFET rDS(on)) that are temperature dependant, the loop stability analysis has to be done over the input voltage range, load current range, and temperature range.

10.2.3 Application Curves

FIGURE
PFM operation Figure 29
PWM operation Figure 30
Combined line/load transient response Figure 31
Load transient response Figure 32, Figure 34
AC load transient response Figure 33, Figure 35
Start-up Figure 36, Figure 37

spacing

TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 pwrs_lvsag8.gif Figure 29. Power-Save Mode Operation
TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 lineloadtr_lvsag8.gif Figure 31. Combined Line/Load Transient Response
TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 acload1_lvsag8.gif Figure 33. AC Load Transient Response
TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 acload1_lrgCo_lvsag8.gif
Figure 35. AC Load Transient Response
TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 startup2_noload_lvsag8.gif Figure 37. Start-Up
TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 pwm_op_lvsag8.gif Figure 30. PWM Operation
TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 load_trheavy1_lvsag8.gif Figure 32. Load Transient Response in PFM/PWM Operation
TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 load_trheavy1_lrgCo_lvsag8.gif
Figure 34. Load Transient Response in PFM/PWM Operation
TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 startup_noload_lvsag8.gif Figure 36. Start-Up

10.3 System Examples

TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 audio_app_cir2_lvsag8.gif Figure 38. "Boosted" Stereo Audio Power Supply 
TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 app_cir_dcdc_apa2_lvsag8.gif Figure 39. Single Cell Li-Ion Power Solution for Tablet PCs Featuring
"Boosted" Audio Power Supply and USB-OTG I/F 
TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 audio_app_cir_lvsag8.gif Figure 40. Combined Audio Amplifier Power Supply 
TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 app_cir_dcdc_apa_lvsag8.gif Figure 41. "Boosted" Audio Power Supply 
TPS61253 TPS61254 TPS61256 TPS61258 TPS61259 TPS612592 app_cir_dcdc_ls_lvsag8.gif Figure 42. Single Cell Li-Ion Power Solution for Tablet PCs Featuring x2 USB Host Ports, HDMI I/F