SLUSF22B November   2024  – March 2025 TPS54338 , TPS54438 , TPS54538

PRODUCTION DATA  

  1.   1
  2. 1 Features
  3. 2 Applications
  4. 3 Description
  5. 4 Pin Configuration and Functions
  6. 5 Specifications
    1. 5.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 5.2 ESD Ratings
    3. 5.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 5.4 Thermal Information
    5. 5.5 Electrical Characteristics
    6. 5.6 Typical Characteristics
  7. 6 Detailed Description
    1. 6.1 Overview
    2. 6.2 Functional Block Diagram
    3. 6.3 Feature Description
      1. 6.3.1  Fixed Frequency Peak Current Mode
      2. 6.3.2  Mode Selection
      3. 6.3.3  Voltage Reference
      4. 6.3.4  Output Voltage Setting
      5. 6.3.5  Switching Frequency Selection / Synchronization
      6. 6.3.6  Phase Shift
      7. 6.3.7  Enable and Adjusting Undervoltage Lockout
      8. 6.3.8  External Soft Start and Prebiased Soft Start
      9. 6.3.9  Power Good
      10. 6.3.10 Minimum On Time, Minimum Off Time, and Frequency Foldback
      11. 6.3.11 Frequency Spread Spectrum
      12. 6.3.12 Overvoltage Protection
      13. 6.3.13 Overcurrent and Undervoltage Protection
      14. 6.3.14 Thermal Shutdown
    4. 6.4 Device Functional Modes
      1. 6.4.1 Modes Overview
      2. 6.4.2 Heavy Load Operation
      3. 6.4.3 Pulse Frequency Modulation
      4. 6.4.4 Forced Continuous Conduction Modulation
      5. 6.4.5 Dropout Operation
      6. 6.4.6 Minimum On-Time Operation
      7. 6.4.7 Shutdown Mode
  8. 7 Application and Implementation
    1. 7.1 Application Information
    2. 7.2 Typical Application
      1. 7.2.1 Design Requirements
      2. 7.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        1. 7.2.2.1 Custom Design With WEBENCH® Tools
        2. 7.2.2.2 Output Voltage Resistors Selection
        3. 7.2.2.3 Choosing Switching Frequency
        4. 7.2.2.4 Soft-Start Capacitor Selection
        5. 7.2.2.5 Output Inductor Selection
        6. 7.2.2.6 Output Capacitor Selection
        7. 7.2.2.7 Input Capacitor Selection
        8. 7.2.2.8 Feedforward Capacitor CFF Selection
        9. 7.2.2.9 Maximum Ambient Temperature
      3. 7.2.3 Application Curves
    3. 7.3 Best Design Practices
    4. 7.4 Power Supply Recommendations
    5. 7.5 Layout
      1. 7.5.1 Layout Guidelines
      2. 7.5.2 Layout Example
  9. 8 Device and Documentation Support
    1. 8.1 Device Support
      1. 8.1.1 Third-Party Products Disclaimer
      2. 8.1.2 Development Support
        1. 8.1.2.1 Custom Design With WEBENCH® Tools
    2. 8.2 Documentation Support
      1. 8.2.1 Related Documentation
    3. 8.3 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
    4. 8.4 Support Resources
    5. 8.5 Trademarks
    6. 8.6 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    7. 8.7 Glossary
  10. 9 Revision History
  11. 10Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

6.4.5 Dropout Operation

The dropout performance of any buck converter is affected by the RDSON of the power MOSFETs, the DC resistance of the inductor, and the maximum duty cycle that the controller can achieve. As the input voltage level approaches the output voltage, the off time of the high-side MOSFET starts to approach the minimum value. Beyond this point, the switching frequency becomes erratic and the output voltage can fall out of regulation. To avoid this problem, the TPS54x38 automatically reduces the switching frequency (on-time extension function) to increase the effective duty cycle and maintain in regulation until the switching frequency reach to the lowest limit.