SLUSC66E March   2015  – February 2017 UCD3138A

PRODUCTION DATA.  

  1. Device Overview
    1. 1.1 Features
    2. 1.2 Applications
    3. 1.3 Description
    4. 1.4 Functional Block Diagram
  2. Device Comparison
    1. 2.1 Product Selection Matrix
  3. Pin Configuration and Functions
    1. 3.1 UCD3138A RGC Package
    2. 3.2 UCD3138A RMH Package
    3. 3.3 UCD3138A RJA Package
  4. Specifications
    1. 4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 4.2 ESD Ratings
    3. 4.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 4.4 Thermal Information
    5. 4.5 Electrical Characteristics
    6. 4.6 PMBus/SMBus/I2C Timing
    7. 4.7 Peripherals
      1. 4.7.1 Digital Power Peripherals (DPPs)
        1. 4.7.1.1 Front End
        2. 4.7.1.2 DPWM Module
        3. 4.7.1.3 DPWM Events
        4. 4.7.1.4 High Resolution DPWM
        5. 4.7.1.5 Oversampling
        6. 4.7.1.6 DPWM Interrupt Generation
        7. 4.7.1.7 DPWM Interrupt Scaling/Range
        8. 4.7.1.8 DPWM Synchronization
        9. 4.7.1.9 Synchronous Rectifier Dead-Time Optimization Peripheral
    8. 4.8 Typical Temperature Characteristics
  5. Parametric Measurements Information
    1. 5.1 Power-On Reset (POR) and Brown-Out Reset (BOR)
  6. Detailed Description
    1. 6.1 Overview
    2. 6.2 ARM Processor
    3. 6.3 Memory
      1. 6.3.1 CPU Memory Map and interruptions
      2. 6.3.2 Boot ROM
      3. 6.3.3 Customer Boot Program
      4. 6.3.4 Flash Management
    4. 6.4 System Module
      1. 6.4.1 Address Decoder (DEC)
      2. 6.4.2 Memory Management Controller (MMC)
      3. 6.4.3 System Management (SYS)
      4. 6.4.4 Central Interrupt Module (CIM)
    5. 6.5 Feature Description
      1. 6.5.1  Sync FET Ramp and IDE Calculation
      2. 6.5.2  Automatic Mode Switching
        1. 6.5.2.1 Phase Shifted Full Bridge Example
        2. 6.5.2.2 LLC Example
        3. 6.5.2.3 Mechanism for Automatic Mode Switching
      3. 6.5.3  DPWMC, Edge Generation, IntraMux
      4. 6.5.4  Filter
        1. 6.5.4.1 Loop Multiplexer
        2. 6.5.4.2 Fault Multiplexer
      5. 6.5.5  Communication Ports
        1. 6.5.5.1 SCI (UART) Serial Communication Interface
        2. 6.5.5.2 PMBus Interfacte
        3. 6.5.5.3 General Purpose ADC12
        4. 6.5.5.4 Timers
          1. 6.5.5.4.1 24-bit PWM Timer
          2. 6.5.5.4.2 16-Bit PWM Timers
          3. 6.5.5.4.3 Watchdog Timer
      6. 6.5.6  Miscellaneous Analog
      7. 6.5.7  Package ID Information
      8. 6.5.8  Brownout
      9. 6.5.9  Global I/O
      10. 6.5.10 Temperature Sensor Control
      11. 6.5.11 I/O Mux Control
      12. 6.5.12 Current Sharing Control
      13. 6.5.13 Temperature Reference
  7. Device Functional Modes
    1. 7.1 Normal Mode
    2. 7.2 DPWM Multiple Output Mode
    3. 7.3 DPWM Resonant Mode
    4. 7.4 Triangular Mode
    5. 7.5 Leading Edge Mode
  8. Application and Implementation
    1. 8.1 Application Information
    2. 8.2 Typical Application
      1. 8.2.1 Design Requirements
      2. 8.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        1. 8.2.2.1 PCMC (Peak Current Mode Control) PSFB (Phase-Shifted Full Bridge) Hardware Configuration Overview
        2. 8.2.2.2 DPWM Initialization for PSFB
      3. 8.2.3 Fixed Signals to Bridge
      4. 8.2.4 Dynamic Signals to Bridge
      5. 8.2.5 System Initialization for PCM
        1. 8.2.5.1 Use of Front Ends and Filters in PSFB
        2. 8.2.5.2 Peak Current Detection
        3. 8.2.5.3 Peak Current Mode (PCM)
      6. 8.2.6 Application Curves
  9. Power Supply Recommendations
    1. 9.1 Power Supply Decoupling and Bulk Capacitors
  10. 10Layout
    1. 10.1 Layout Guidelines
    2. 10.2 Layout Example
  11. 11Device and Documentation Support
    1. 11.1 Device Support
      1. 11.1.1 Development Support
        1. 11.1.1.1 Tools and Documentation
    2. 11.2 Documentation Support
      1. 11.2.1 References
    3. 11.3 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
    4. 11.4 Community Resources
    5. 11.5 Trademarks
    6. 11.6 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    7. 11.7 Glossary
  12. 12Mechanical Packaging and Orderable Information
    1. 12.1 Packaging Information

Package Options

Mechanical Data (Package|Pins)
Thermal pad, mechanical data (Package|Pins)
Orderable Information

Detailed Description

Overview

The UCD3138A family is a digital power supply controller from Texas Instruments offering superior levels of integration and performance in a single chip solution. The UCD3138, in comparison to Texas Instruments UCD3138A digital power controller offers 32 kB of program Flash memory. The flexible nature of the UCD3138A family makes it suitable for a wide variety of power conversion applications.

In addition, multiple peripherals inside the device have been specifically optimized to enhance the performance of AC/DC and isolated DC/DC applications and reduce the solution component count in the IT and network infrastructure space. The UCD3138A family is a fully programmable solution offering customers complete control of their application, along with ample ability to differentiate their solution. At the same time, TI is committed to simplifying our customer’s development effort through offering best in class development tools, including application firmware, Code Composer StudioTM software development environment, and TI’s Fusion Power Development GUI which enables customers to configure and monitor key system parameters.

ARM Processor

The ARM7TDMI-S processor is a synthesizable member of the ARM family of general purpose 32-bit microprocessors. The ARM architecture is based on RISC (reduced instruction set computer) principles where two instruction sets are available. The 32-bit ARM instruction set and the 16-bit Thumb instruction set. The Thumb instruction allows for higher code density equivalent to a 16-bit microprocessor, with the performance of the 32-bit microprocessor.

The three-staged pipelined ARM processor has fetch, decode and execute stage architecture. Major blocks in the ARM processor include a 32-bit ALU, 32 x 8 multiplier, and a barrel shifter.

Memory

The UCD3138A (ARM7TDMI-S) is a Von-Neumann architecture, where a single bus provides access to all of the memory modules. All of the memory module addresses are sequentially aligned along the same address range. This applies to program flash, data flash, ROM and all other peripherals.

Within the UCD3138A architecture, there is a Boot ROM that contains the initial firmware startup routines for PMBUS communication and non-volatile (FLASH) memory download. This boot ROM is executed after power-up-reset checks if there is a valid FLASH program written. If a valid program is present, the ROM code branches to the main FLASH-program execution.

UCD3138A also supports customization of the boot program by allowing an alternative boot routine to be executed from program FLASH. This feature enables assignment of a unique address to each device; therefore, enabling firmware reprogramming even when several devices are connected on the same communication bus.

Two separate FLASH memory areas are present inside the device. The 32 kB Program FLASH is organized as an 8 k x 32 bit memory block and is intended to be for the firmware program. The block is configured with page erase capability for erasing blocks as small as 1kB per page, or with a mass erase for erasing the entire program FLASH array. The FLASH endurance is specified at 1000 erase/write cycles and the data retention is good for 100 years. The 2 kB data FLASH array is organized as a 512 x 32 bit memory (32 byte page size). The Data FLASH is intended for firmware data value storage and data logging. Thus, the Data FLASH is specified as a high endurance memory of 20 k cycles with embedded error correction code (ECC).

For run time data storage and scratchpad memory, a 4 kB RAM is available. The RAM is organized as a 1 k x 32 bit array.

CPU Memory Map and interruptions

When the device comes out of power-on-reset, the data memories are mapped to the processor as follows:

Table 6-1 Memory Map (After Reset Operation)

Address Size Module
0x0000_0000 – 0x0000_FFFF
In 16 repeated blocks of 4K each
16 X 4K Boot ROM
0x0001_0000 – 0x0001_7FFF 32K Program flash
0x0001_8800 – 0x0001_8FFF 2K Data flash
0x0001_9000 – 0x0001_9FFF 4K Data RAM

Just before the boot ROM program gives control to FLASH program, the ROM configures the memory as follows:

Table 6-2 Memory Map (Normal Operation)

Address Size Module
0x0000_0000 – 0x0000_7FFF 32K Program flash
0x0001_0000 – 0x0001_AFFF 4K Boot ROM
0x0001_8800 – 0x0001_8FFF 2K Data flash
0x0001_9000 – 0x0001_9FFF 4K Data RAM

Table 6-3 Memory Map (System and Peripherals Blocks)

Address Size Module
0x0002_0000 - 0x0002_00FF 256 Loop Mux
0x0003_0000 - 0x0003_00FF 256 Fault Mux
0x0004_0000 - 0x0004_00FF 256 ADC
0x0005_0000 - 0x0005_00FF 256 DPWM 3
0x0006_0000 - 0x0006_00FF 256 Filter 2
0x0007_0000 - 0x0007_00FF 256 DPWM 2
0x0008_0000 - 0x0008_00FF 256 Front End/Ramp I/F 2
0x0009_0000 - 0x0009_00FF 256 Filter 1
0x000A_0000 - 0x000A_00FF 256 DPWM 1
0x000B_0000 – 0x000B_00FF 256 Front End/Ramp I/F 1
0x000C_0000 - 0x000C_00FF 256 Filter 0
0x000D_0000 - 0x000D_00FF 256 DPWM 0
0x000E_0000 - 0x000E_00FF 256 Front End/Ramp I/F 0
0xFFF7_EC00 - 0xFFF7_ECFF 256 UART 0
0xFFF7_ED00 - 0xFFF7_EDFF 256 UART 1
0xFFF7_F000 - 0xFFF7_F0FF 256 Miscellaneous Analog Control
0xFFF7_F600 - 0xFFF7_F6FF 256 PMBus Interface
0xFFF7_FA00 - 0xFFF7_FAFF 256 GIO
0xFFF7_FD00 - 0xFFF7_FDFF 256 Timer
0xFFFF_FD00 - 0xFFFF_FDFF 256 MMC
0xFFFF_FE00 - 0xFFFF_FEFF 256 DEC
0xFFFF_FF20 - 0xFFFF_FF37 23 CIM
0xFFFF_FF40 - 0xFFFF_FF50 16 PSA
0xFFFF_FFD0 - 0xFFFF_FFEC 28 SYS

The registers and bit definitions inside the system and peripheral blocks are detailed in the programmer’s guide for each peripheral.

Boot ROM

The UCD3138A incorporates a 4k boot ROM. This boot ROM includes support for:

  • Program download through the PMBus
  • Device initialization
  • Examining and modifying registers and memory
  • Verifying and executing program FLASH automatically
  • Jumping to a customer defined boot program

The Boot ROM is entered automatically on device reset. It initializes the device and then performs checksums on the Program FLASH. If the first 2 kB of program FLASH has a valid checksum, the program jumps to location 0 in the Program FLASH. This permits the use of a customer boot program. If the first checksum fails, it performs a checksum on the complete 32 kB of program flash. If this is valid, it also jumps to location 0 in the program flash. This permits full automated program memory checking, when there is no need for a custom boot program.

If neither checksum is valid, the Boot ROM stays in control, and accepts commands via the PMBus interface

These functions can be used to read and write to all memory locations in the UCD3138A. Typically they are used to download a program to Program Flash, and to command its execution

Customer Boot Program

It is possible to generate a user boot program using 2 kB or more of the program flash. This program can support features which the Boot ROM does not support, including:

  • Program download via UART. This program is useful especially for applications where the UCD3138A is isolated from the host (for example, PFC)
  • Encrypted download. This program is useful for code security in field updates.

Flash Management

The UCD3138A offers a variety of features providing for easy prototyping and easy flash programming. At the same time, high levels of security are possible for production code, even with field updates. Standard firmware stores multiple copies of system parameters in data flash. This is minimizes the risk of losing information if programming is interrupted.

System Module

The System Module contains the interface logic and configuration registers to control and configure all the memory, peripherals and interrupt mechanisms. The blocks inside the system module are the address decoder, memory management controller, system management unit, central interrupt unit, and clock control unit.

Address Decoder (DEC)

The Address Decoder generates the memory selects for the FLASH, ROM and RAM arrays. The memory map addresses are selectable through configurable register settings. These memory selects can be configured from 1 kB to 16 MB. Power on reset uses the default addresses in the memory map for ROM execution, which is then configured by the ROM code to the application setup. During access to the DEC registers, a wait state is asserted to the CPU. DEC registers are writable in the ARM privilege mode only to enable user mode protection.

Memory Management Controller (MMC)

The MMC manages the interface to the peripherals by controlling the interface bus for extending the read and write accesses to each peripheral. The unit generates eight peripheral select lines with 1 kB of address space decoding.

System Management (SYS)

The SYS unit contains the software access protection by configuring user privilege levels to memory or peripherals modules. It contains the ability to generate fault or reset conditions on decoding of illegal address or access conditions. A clock control setup for the processor clock (MCLK) speed, is also available.

Central Interrupt Module (CIM)

The CIM accepts 32 interrupt requests for meeting firmware timing requirements. The ARM processor supports two interrupt levels: FIQ and IRQ. FIQ is the highest priority interrupt. The CIM provides hardware expansion of interruptions by use of FIQ/IRQ vector registers for providing the offset index in a vector table. This numerical index value indicates the highest precedence channel with a pending interrupt and is used to locate the interrupt vector address from the interrupt vector table. Interrupt channel 0 has the lowest precedence and interrupt channel 31 has the highest precedence. To remove the interrupt request, the firmware should clear the request as the first action in the interrupt service routine. The request channels are maskable, allowing individual channels to be selectively disabled or enabled.

Table 6-4 Interrupt Priority Table

NAME MODULE COMPONENT OR REGISTER DESCRIPTION PRIORITY
BRN_OUT_INT Brownout Brownout interrupt 0 (lowest)
EXT_INT External interruptions Interrupt on external input pin 1
WDRST_INT Watchdog control Interrupt from watchdog exceeded (reset) 2
WDWAKE_INT Watchdog control Wakeup interrupt when watchdog equals half of set watch time 3
SCI_ERR_INT UART or SCI control UART or SCI error Interrupt. Frame, parity or overrun 4
SCI_RX_0_INT UART or SCI control UART0 RX buffer has a byte 5
SCI_TX_0_INT UART or SCI control UART0 TX buffer empty 6
SCI_RX_1_INT UART or SCI control UART1 RX buffer has a byte 7
SCI_TX_1_INT UART or SCI control UART1 TX buffer empty 8
PMBUS_INT PMBus related interrupt 9
DIG_COMP_INT 12-bit ADC control Digital comparator interrupt 10
FE0_INT Front End 0 “Prebias complete”, “Ramp Delay Complete”, “Ramp Complete”, “Load Step Detected”,
“Over-Voltage Detected”, “EADC saturated”
11
FE1_INT Front End 1 “Prebias complete”, “Ramp Delay Complete”, “Ramp Complete”, “Load Step Detected”,
“Over-Voltage Detected”, “EADC saturated”
12
FE2_INT Front End 2 “Prebias complete”, “Ramp Delay Complete”, “Ramp Complete”, “Load Step Detected”,
“Over-Voltage Detected”, “EADC saturated”
13
PWM3_INT 16-bit timer PWM 3 16-bit Timer PWM3 counter overflow or compare interrupt 14
PWM2_INT 16-bit timer PWM 2 16-bit Timer PWM2 counter Overflow or compare interrupt 15
PWM1_INT 16-bit timer PWM 1 16-bit Timer PWM1 counter overflow or compare interrupt 16
PWM0_INT 16-bit timer PWM 0 16-bit Timer PWM1 counter overflow or compare interrupt 17
OVF24_INT 24-bit timer control 24-bit Timer counter overflow interrupt 18
DTC_FLT_INT DTC fault interrupt DTC module fault interrupt 19
COMP_1_INT 24-bit timer control 24-bit Timer compare 1 interrupt 20
CAPTURE_0_INT 24-bit timer control 24-bit Timer capture 0 interrupt 21
COMP_0_INT 24-bit timer control 24-bit Timer compare 0 interrupt 22
CPCC_INT Constant power constant current Mode switched in CPCC module Flag needs to be read for details 23
ADC_CONV_INT 12-bit ADC control ADC end of conversion interrupt 24
FAULT_INT Fault Mux interrupt Analog comparator interruptions, overvoltage detection, undervoltage detection, LLM load step detection 25
DPWM3 DPWM3 Same as DPWM1 26
DPWM2 DPWM2 Same as DPWM1 27
DPWM1 DPWM1 1) Every (1 to 256) switching cycles
2) Fault detection
3) Mode switching
28
DPWM0 DPWM0 Same as DPWM1 29
EXT_FAULT_INT External Faults Fault pin interrupt 30
SYS_SSI_INT System Software System software interrupt 31 (highest)

Feature Description

Sync FET Ramp and IDE Calculation

The UCD3138A has built in logic for controlling MOSFETs for synchronous rectification (Sync FETs). This comes in two forms:

  • Sync FET ramp
  • Ideal Diode Emulation (IDE) calculation

When starting up a power supply, sometimes there is already a voltage on the output – this is called prebias. It is difficult to calculate the ideal Sync FET on-time for this case. If it is not calculated correctly, it may pull down the prebias voltage, causing the power supply to sink current.

To avoid this, Sync FETs are not turned on until the power supply has ramped up to the nominal voltage. The Sync FETs are turned on gradually in order to avoid an output voltage glitch. The Sync FET Ramp logic can be used to turn them on at a rate below the bandwidth of the filter.

In discontinuous mode, the ideal on-time for the Sync FETs is a function of VIN, VOUT, and the primary side duty cycle (D). The IDE logic in the UCD3138A takes VIN and VOUT data from the firmware and combines it with D data from the filter hardware. It uses this information to calculate the ideal on-time for the Sync FETs.

Automatic Mode Switching

Automatic Mode switching enables the DPWM module to switch between modes automatically. This is useful to increase efficiency and power range. The following paragraphs describe phase-shifted full bridge and LLC examples:

Phase Shifted Full Bridge Example

Phase shifted full bridge topologies are shown in Figure 6-1 and Figure 6-2.

UCD3138A full2_bridge_lusap2.gif Figure 6-1 Phase Shifted Full Bridge
UCD3138A PSFB_blk_dia_lusap2.gif Figure 6-2 Secondary-Referenced Phase-Shifted Full Bridge Control
With Synchronous Rectification

LLC Example

In LLC, three modes are used. At the highest frequency, a pulse width modulated mode (Multi Mode) is used. As the frequency decreases, resonant mode is used. As the frequency gets still lower, the synchronous MOSFET drive changes so that the on-time is fixed and does not increase. In addition, the LLC control supports cycle-by-cycle current limiting. This protection function operates by a comparator monitoring the maximum current during the DPWMA conduction time. Any time this current exceeds the programmable comparator reference the pulse is immediately terminated. Due to classic instability issues associated with half-bridge topologies it is also possible to force DPWMB to match the truncated pulse width of DPWMA. Here are the waveforms for the LLC:

UCD3138A LLC_waveforms_lusap2.gif
UCD3138A LLC_block_dia_lusap2.gif Figure 6-3 Secondary-Referenced Half-Bridge Resonant LLC Control
With Synchronous Rectification

Mechanism for Automatic Mode Switching

The UCD3138A allows the customer to enable up to two distinct levels of automatic mode switching. These different modes are used to enhance light load operation, short circuit operation and soft start. Many of the configuration parameters for the DPWM are in DPWM Control Register 1. For automatic mode switching, some of these parameters are duplicated in the Auto Config Mid and Auto Config High registers.

If automatic mode switching is enabled, the filter duty signal is used to select which of these three registers is used. There are 4 registers which are used to select the points at which the mode switching takes place. They are used as shown in Figure 6-4.

UCD3138A auto_swt_lusap2.gif Figure 6-4 Automatic Mode Switching

As shown, the registers are used in pairs for hysteresis. The transition from Control Register 1 to Auto Config Mid only takes place when the Filter Duty goes above the Low Upper threshold. It does not go back to Auto Config Mid until the Low Lower Threshold is passed. This prevents oscillation between modes if the filter duty is close to a mode switching point.

DPWMC, Edge Generation, IntraMux

The UCD3138A has hardware for generating complex waveforms beyond the simple DPWMA and DPWMB waveforms already discussed – DPWMC, the Edge Generation Module, and the IntraMux.

DPWMC is an auxillary signal inside the DPWM logic. It can be generated using the Blanking A begin time, and the Blanking A end time.

The Edge Gen module takes DPWMA and DPWMB from its own DPWM module, and the next one, and uses them to generate edges for two outputs. For DPWM3, the DPWM0 is considered to be the next DPWM. Each edge (rising and falling for DPWMA and DPWMB) has 8 options which can output a generated edge.

The options are:

0 = DPWM(n) A Rising edge
1 = DPWM(n) A Falling edge
2 = DPWM(n) B Rising edge
3 = DPWM(n) B Falling edge
4 = DPWM(n+1) A Rising edge
5 = DPWM(n+1) A Falling edge
6 = DPWM(n+1) B Rising edge
7 = DPWM(n+1) B Falling edge

Where “n" is the numerical index of the DPWM module of interest. For example n = 1 refers to DPWM1.

The Edge Gen is controlled by the DPWMEDGEGEN register.

The IntraMux (short for intra multiplexer) is controlled by the Auto Config registers. The IntraMux takes signals from multiple DPWMs and from the Edge Gen and combines them logically to generate DPWMA and DPWMB signals This is useful for topologies like phase-shifted full bridge, especially when they are controlled with automatic mode switching. When disabled, DPWMA and DPWMB are driven as described in the Section 6.5.2 section. If the Intra Mux is enabled, the high-resolution feature must be disabled, and the DPWM edge resolution falls to 4 ns.

The Edge Gen/Intra Mux is shown in Figure 6-5.

UCD3138A gen_intra_mux_lusap2.gif Figure 6-5 Edge Gen/Intra Mux

A list of the IntraMux modes for DPWMA is as follows:

0 = DPWMA(n) pass through (default)
1 = Edge-gen output, DPWMA(n)
2 = DPWNC(n)
3 = DPWMB(n) (Crossover)
4 = DPWMA(n+1)
5 = DPWMB(n+1)
6 = DPWMC(n+1)
7 = DPWMC(n+2)
8 = DPWMC(n+3)

and for DPWMB:

0 = DPWMB(n) pass through (default)
1 = Edge-gen output, DPWMB(n)
2 = DPWNC(n)
3 = DPWMA(n) (Crossover)
4 = DPWMA(n+1)
5 = DPWMB(n+1)
6 = DPWMC(n+1)
7 = DPWMC(n+2)
8 = DPWMC(n+3)

The DPWM number wraps around just like the Edge Gen unit. For DPWM3 the following definitions apply:

DPWM(n) DPWM3
DPWM(n+1) DPWM0
DPWM(n+2) DPWM1
DPWM(n+3) DPWM2

Filter

The UCD3138A filter is a PID filter with many enhancements for power supply control. Some of its features include:

  • Traditional PID Architecture
  • Programmable non-linear limits for automated modification of filter coefficients based on received EADC error
  • Multiple coefficient sets fully configurable by firmware
  • Full 24-bit precision throughout filter calculations
  • Programmable clamps on integrator branch and filter output
  • Ability to load values into internal filter registers while system is running
  • Ability to stall calculations on any of the individual filter branches
  • Ability to turn off calculations on any of the individual filter branches
  • Duty cycle, resonant period, or phase shift generation based on filter output.
  • Flux balancing
  • Voltage feed forward
UCD3138A PID_filter_stages_lusap2.gif Figure 6-6 First Section of the Filter

The filter input, Xn, generally comes from a front end. Then there are three branches, P, I. and D. Note that the D branch also has a pole, Kd Alpha. Clamps are provided both on the I branch and on the D alpha pole.

The filter also supports a nonlinear mode, where up to 7 different sets of coefficients can be selected depending on the magnitude of the error input Xn. This can be used to increase the filter gain for higher errors to improve transient response.

Tthe output section of the filter (S0.23 means that there is 1 sign bit, 0 integer bits and 23 fractional bits) is shown in Figure 6-7

UCD3138A flt2a_section2_lusap2.gif Figure 6-7 Output Section of the Filter

This section combines the P, I, and D sections, and provides for saturation, scaling, and clamping.

The final section for the filter, which permits its output to be matched to the DPWM is shown in Figure 6-8.

UCD3138A flt2b_section3_lusap2.gif Figure 6-8 Final Section for the Filter

This permits the filter output to be multiplied by a variety of correction factors to match the DPWM Period, to provide for Voltage Feed Forward, or for other purposes. After this, there is another clamp. For resonant mode, the filter can be used to generate both period and duty cycle.

UCD3138A flt_outclamp_lusap2.gif Figure 6-9 Resonant Mode

Loop Multiplexer

The Loop Mux controls interconnections between the filters, front ends, and DPWMs. Any filter, front end, and DPWM can be combined with each other in many configurations.

It also controls the following connections:

  • DPWM to Front End
  • Front End DAC control from Filters or Constant Current/Constant Power Module
  • Filter Special Coefficients and Feed Forward
  • DPWM synchronization
  • Filter to DPWM

The following control modules are configured in the Loop Mux:

  • Constant Power/Constant Current
  • Cycle Adjustment (Current and flux balancing)
  • Global Period
  • Light Load (Burst Mode)
  • Analog Peak Current Mode

Fault Multiplexer

In order to allow a flexible way of mapping several fault triggering sources to all the DPWMs channels, the UCD3138A provides an extensive array of multiplexers that are united under the name Fault Mux module.

The Fault Mux Module supports flexible mapping between fault sources and fault response mechanism inside each DPWM module.

  • Many fault sources can be mapped to a single fault response mechanism. For instance an analog comparator in charge of over voltage protection, a digital comparator in charge of over current protection and an external digital fault pin can be all mapped to a fault-A signal connected to a single FAULT MODULE and shut down DPWM1-A.
  • A single fault source can be mapped to many fault response mechanisms inside many DPWM modules. For instance an analog comparator in charge of over current protection can be mapped to DPWM-0 through DPWM-3 by way of several fault modules.
UCD3138A Fault_mux_dwg_lusap2.gif

The Fault Mux Module provides a multitude of fault protection functions within the UCD3138A high-speed loop (front end control, filter, DPWM and loop Mux modules). The Fault Mux Module allows highly configurable fault generation based on digital comparators, high-speed analog comparators and external fault pins. Each of the fault inputs to the DPWM modules can be configured to one or any combination of the fault events provided in the Fault Mux Module.

Each one of the DPWM engines has four fault modules. The modules are called CBC fault module, AB fault module, A fault module and B fault module.

The internal circuitry in all the four fault modules is identical, and the difference between the modules is limited to the output it affects under a fault condition.

UCD3138A fault_module_lusap2.gif Figure 6-10 Fault Module

All fault modules are capable of detecting faults only once per DPWM switching cycle. Each one of the fault modules have a separate max_count value and the device sets the fault flag only when the sequential faults count exceeds the max_count value.

After the fault flag is set, DPWMs must be disabled by DPWM_EN going low in order to clear the fault flags.

NOTE

All four fault modules share the same DPWM_EN control. The device clears all fault flags (output of fault modules) simultaneously.

All four Fault Modules share the same global FAULT_EN as well. Therefore, a specific Fault Module cannot be enabled/ disabled separately.

UCD3138A cyc_cyc_lusap2.gif Figure 6-11 Cycle by Cycle Block

In contrast to the fault modules, only one cycle by cycle block is available in each DPWM module.

The cycle by cycle block can work in conjunction with CBC Fault Module and enables DPWM reaction to signals arriving from analog peak current mode (PCM) module.

The fault Mux module supports the following basic functions:

  • 4 digital comparators with programmable thresholds and fault generation
  • Configuration for 7 high-speed analog comparators with programmable thresholds and fault generation
  • External GPIO detection control with programmable fault generation
  • Configurable DPWM fault generation for DPWM current limit fault, DPWM overvoltage detection fault, DPWM A external fault, DPWM B external fault and DPWM IDE flag
  • Clock failure detection for high and low frequency oscillator blocks
  • Discontinuous conduction mode detection
UCD3138A fault_mux_bd_lusap2.gif Figure 6-12 Fault Mux Block Diagram

Communication Ports

SCI (UART) Serial Communication Interface

A maximum of two independent Serial Communication Interface (SCI) or Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter pre-scaler (UART) interfaces are included within the device for asynchronous start-stop serial data communication (see the pin out sections for details) Each interface has a 24 bit for supporting programmable baud rates and has programmable data word and stop bit options. Half or full duplex operation is configurable through register bits. A loop back feature can also be setup for firmware verification. Both SCI-TX and SCI-RX pin sets can be used as GPIO pins when the peripheral is not being used. Both the UART ports support Hardware auto baud correction improving robustness in communication even at higher baud rates.

PMBus Interfacte

The PMBus Interface supports independent master and slave modes controlled directly by firmware through a processor bus interface. Individual control and status registers enable firmware to send or receive I2C, SMBus or PMBus messages in any of the accepted protocols, in accordance with the I2C Specification, SMBus Specification (Version 2.0) and the PMBUS Power System Management Protocol Specification (PMBus 1.3).

The PMBus interface is controlled through a processor bus interface, utilizing a 32-bit data bus and 6-bit address bus. The PMBus interface is connected to the expansion bus, which features 4 byte write enables, a peripheral select dedicated for the PMBus interface, separated 32-bit data buses for reading and writing of data and active-low write and output enable control signals. In addition, the PMBus Interface connects directly to the I2C/SMBus/PMBus Clock, Data, Alert, and Control signals.

Example: PMBus Address Decode via ADC12 Reading

The user can allocate 2 pins of the 12-bit ADC input channels, AD_00 and AD_01, for PMBus address decoding. At power-up the device applies IBIAS to each address detect pin and the voltage on that pin is captured by the internal 12-bit ADC.

RADDSET is the resistor that sets the PMBus address. Bin(VAD0x) is the address bin for one of 12 address as shown in Figure 6-13.

UCD3138A pmbus_addr_detection_slusck8.gif Figure 6-13 PMBus Address Detection Method

General Purpose ADC12

The ADC12 is a 12-bit, high speed analog-to-digital converter, equipped with the following options:

  • Typical conversion speed of 267 ksps
  • Conversions can consist from 1 to 16 ADC channel conversions in any desired sequence
  • Post conversion averaging capability, ranging from 4X, 8X, 16X or 32X samples
  • Configurable triggering for ADC conversions from the following sources: firmware, DPWM rising edge, ADC_EXT_TRIG pin or Analog Comparator results
  • Interrupt capability to embedded processor at completion of ADC conversion
  • Six digital comparators on the first 6 channels of the conversion sequence using either raw ADC data or averaged ADC data
  • Two 10 µA current sources for excitation of PMBus addressing resistors
  • Dual sample and hold for accurate power measurement
  • Internal temperature sensor for temperature protection and monitoring

The control module ADC12 Contol Block Diagram contains the control and conversion logic for auto-sequencing a series of conversions. The sequencing is fully configurable for any combination of 16 possible ADC channels through an analog multiplexer embedded in the ADC12 block. Once converted, the selected channel value is stored in the result register associated with the sequence number. Input channels can be sampled in any desired order or programmed to repeat conversions on the same channel multiple times during a conversion sequence. Selected channel conversions are also stored in the result registers in order of conversion, where the result 0 register is the first conversion of a 16-channel sequence and result 15 register is the last conversion of a 16-channel sequence. The number of channels converted in a sequence can vary from 1 to 16.

Unlike EADC0 through EADC2, which are primarily designed for closing high speed compensation loops, the ADC12 is not usually used for loop compensation purposes. The EADC converters have a substantially faster conversion rate, thus making them more attractive for closed loop control. The ADC12 features make it best suited for monitoring and detection of currents, voltages, temperatures and faults. Please see the Typical Characteristics plots for the temperature variation associated with this function.

UCD3138A ADC12_contrl_blk_lusap2.gif Figure 6-14 ADC12 Control Block Diagram

Timers

External to the Digital Power Peripherals there are 3 different types of timers in UCD3138A . They are the 24-bit timer, 16-bit timer and the Watchdog timer

24-bit PWM Timer

There is one 24 bit counter PWM timer which runs off the Interface Clock and can further be divided down by an 8-bit pre-scalar to generate a slower PWM time period. The timer has two compare registers (Data Registers) for generating the PWM set/unset events. Additionally, the timer has a shadow register (Data Buffer register) which can be used to store CPU updates of the compare events while still using the timer. The selected shadow register update mode happens after the compare event matches.

The two capture pins TCMP0 and TCMP1 are inputs for recording a capture event. A capture event can be set either to rising, falling, or both edges of the capture pin. Upon this event, the counter value is stored in the corresponding capture data register.

The counter reset can be configured to happen on a counter roll over, a compare equal event, or by software controlled register. Five interruptions from the PWM timer can be set, which are the counter rollover event (overflow), either capture event 0 or 1, or the two comparison match events. Each interrupt can be disabled or enabled.

Upon an event comparison on only the second event, the TCMP pin can be configured to set, clear, toggle or have no action at the output. The value of PWM pin output can be read for status or simply configured as general purpose I/O for reading the value of the input at the pin. The first compare event can only be used as an interrupt.

16-Bit PWM Timers

There are four 16 bit counter PWM timers which run off the Interface Clock and can further be divided down by a 8-bit pre-scaler to generate slower PWM time periods. Each timer has two compare registers (Data Registers) for generating the PWM set/unset events. Additionally, each timer has a shadow register (Data Buffer register) which can be used to store CPU updates of compare events while still using the timer. The selected shadow register update mode happens after the compare event matches.

The counter reset can be configured to happen on a counter roll over, a compare equal event, or by a software controlled register. interruptions from the PWM timer can be set due to the counter rollover event (overflow) or by the two comparison match events. Each comparison match and the overflow interruptions can be disabled or enabled.

Upon an event comparison, the PWM pin can be configured to set, clear, toggle or have no action at the output. The value of PWM pin output can be read for status or simply configured as General Purpose I/O for reading the value of the input at the pin.

Watchdog Timer

A watchdog timer is provided on the device for ensuring proper firmware loop execution. The timer is clocked off of a separate low speed oscillator source. If the timer is allowed to expire, a reset condition is issued to the ARM processor. The watchdog is reset by a simple CPU write bit to the watchdog key register by the firmware routine. On device power-up the watchdog is disabled. Yet after it is enabled, the watchdog cannot be disabled by firmware. Only a device reset can put this bit back to the default disabled state. A half timer flag is also provided for status monitoring of the watchdog.

Miscellaneous Analog

The Miscellaneous Analog Control (MAC) Registers provide control and monitor a wide variety of functions. These functions include device supervisory features such as brown-out and power saving configuration, general purpose input and output configuration and interfacing, internal temperature sensor control and current sharing control.

The MAC module provides trim signals to the oscillator and AFE blocks. These controls are usually used at the time of trimming at manufacturing; therefore this data sheet does not include any descriptions of these trim controls.

The MAC registers and peripherals are all available in the 64-pin version. Other UCD3138A devices may have reduced resources. See also the Section 3 section.

Package ID Information

Package ID register includes information regarding the package type of the device and can be read by firmware for reporting through PMBus or for other package sensitive decisions.

BIT NUMBER 1:0
Bit Name PKG_ID
Access R/W
Default 0 – UCD3138A RHA

Brownout

Brownout function is used to determine if the device supply voltage is lower than a threshold voltage, a condition that may be considered unsafe for proper operation of the device.

The brownout threshold is higher than the reset threshold voltage; therefore, when the supply voltage is lower than brownout threshold, it still does not necessarily trigger a device reset.

The brownout interrupt flag can be polled or alternatively can trigger an interrupt to service such case by an interrupt service routine. See .

Global I/O

Up to 30 pins in the UCD3138A device can be configured to serve as a general purpose input or output pin (GPIO). This includes all digital input or output pins except for the RESET pin.

The pins that cannot be configured as GPIO pins are the supply pins, ground pins, ADC-12 analog input pins, EADC analog input pins and the RESET pin.

There are two ways to configure and use the digital pins as GPIO pins:

  • Through the centralized Global I/O control registers.
  • Through the distributed control registers in the specific peripheral that shares it pins with the standard GPIO functionality.

The Global I/O registers offer full control of:

  • Configuring each pin as a GPIO.
  • Setting each pin as input or output.
  • Reading the pin’s logic state, if it is configured as an input pin.
  • Setting the logic state of the pin, if it is configured as an output pin.
  • Configuring pin/pins as open drain or push-pull (Normal)

The Global I/O registers include Global I/O EN register, Global I/O OE Register, Global I/O Open Drain Control Register, Global I/O Value Register and Global I/O Read Register.

The following is showing the format of Global I/O EN Register (GLBIOEN) as an example:

BIT NUMBER 29:0
Bit Name GLOBAL_IO_EN
Access R/W
Default 00_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000

Bits 29-0: GLOBAL_IO_EN – This register enables the global control of digital I/O pins
0 = Control of IO is done by the functional block assigned to the IO (Default)
1 = Control of IO is done by Global IO registers.

BIT PIN_NAME PIN NUMBER
UCD3138A-64 PINS UCD3138A-40 PINS
29 FAULT[3] 43 NA
28 ADC_EXT_TRIG 12, 26 8
27 TCK 37 21
26 TDO 38 20
25 TMS 40 24
24 TDI 39 23
23 SCI_TX[1] 29 NA
22 SCI_TX[0] 14 22
21 SCI_RX[1] 30 NA
20 SCI_RX[0] 13 23
19 TMR_CAP 12, 26, 41 8, 21
18 TMR_PWM[1] 32 NA
17 TMR_PWM[0] 12, 26, 31, 37 21
16 PMBUS-CLK 15 9
15 PMBUS-DATA 16 10
14 CONTROL 30 20
13 ALERT 29 19
12 EXT_INT 26, 34 NA
11 FAULT[2] 42 25
10 FAULT[1] 36 23
9 FAULT[0] 35, 39 22
8 SYNC 12, 26,37 8, 21
7 DPWM3B 24 18
5 DPWM2B 22 16
4 DPWM2A 21 15
3 DPWM1B 20 14
2 DPWM1A 19 13
1 DPWM0B 18 12
0 DPWM0A 17 11

Temperature Sensor Control

Temperature sensor control register provides internal temperature sensor enabling and trimming capabilities. The internal temperature sensor is disabled as default.

UCD3138A temp_sensor_lusap2.gif Figure 6-15 Internal Temp Sensor

Temperature sensor is calibrated at room temperature (25°C) via a calibration register value.

The temperature sensor is measured using ADC12 (via Ch14). The temperature is then calculated using a mathematical formula involving the calibration register (this effectively adds a delta to the ADC measurement).

The temperature sensor can be enabled or disabled.

I/O Mux Control

In different packages of UCD3138A several I/O functions are multiplexed and routed toward a single physical pin. I/O Mux Control register may be used in order to choose a single specific functionality that is desired to be assigned to a physical device pin for your application.

Current Sharing Control

UCD3138A provides three separate modes of current sharing operation.

  • Analog bus current sharing
  • PWM bus current sharing
  • Master/Slave current sharing
  • AD02 has a special ESD protection mechanism that prevents the pin from pulling down the current-share bus if power is missing from the UCD3138A

The simplified current sharing circuitry is shown in the drawing below:

UCD3138A Current_sharing_dwg_lusap2.gif Figure 6-16 Simplified Current Sharing Circuitry
CURRENT SHARING MODE FOR TEST ONLY,
ALWAYS KEEP 00
CS_MODE EN_SW1 EN_SW2 DPWM
Off or Slave Mode (3-state) 00 00 (default) 0 0 0
PWM Bus 00 01 1 0 ACTIVE
Off or Slave Mode (3-state) 00 10 0 0 0
Analog Bus or Master 00 11 0 1 0

The period and the duty of 8-bit PWM current source and the state of the SW1 and SW2 switches can be controlled through the current sharing control register (CSCTRL).

Temperature Reference

The temperature reference register (TEMPREF) provides the ADC12 count when ADC12 measures the internal temperature sensor (channel 14) during the factory trim and calibration.

This information can be used by different periodic temperature compensation routines implemented in the firmware. But it should not be overwritten by firmware, otherwise this factory written value is lost.