The JFE2140 features diodes that are used to help clamp voltage surges that can occur on the input sensor to the gate. The diodes are connected between the gates, sources, and drains of each JFET to two separate pins, VCL and VCH. The clamping mechanism works by steering current from the gate into the VCL or VCH nodes when the voltage at the gate, source or drain is less than VCL or greater than VCH. Figure 9-2 shows an example of a microphone input circuit where a dc blocking capacitor operates with a large dc voltage. When the microphone input is dropped or shorted, the dc blocking capacitor discharges into the VCL or VCH nodes, thus helping eliminate large signal transient voltages on the gate. There are also clamping diodes from the drain and source to VCL and VCH, respectively. The clamping diodes can withstand high surge currents up to 200 mA for 50 ms; however, limit dc current to less than 20 mA.

Figure 9-1 JFE2140 Clamping Diode Example

The example in Figure 9-2 shows the diode clamp used to protect the JFET against overvoltage in a phantom-powered microphone circuit. Phantom power typically delivers 48 V through a 6.8-kΩ pullup resistor to a microphone or dynamic load. If the microphone is disconnected, dc blocking capacitor C_DC can be biased up to 48 V. If the input to the capacitor is then shorted to ground (shown by the switch in Figure 9-2), the gate voltage can exceed the absolute maximum rating for V_GS. In this case, the blocking diode is used, along with current limiting resistors R_G and R_L, to clamp the gate voltage to a safe level. Be aware that the thermal noise of R_G couples directly into the gate input; therefore, make sure to minimize the resistance of R_G.

The clamping diodes are not required for operation. The V_GS voltage can withstand –40 V, so clamping is not required if the V_GS voltage is kept greater than this limit. If the diodes are not needed, leave the VCL and VCH nodes floating.