SPRADM6 December   2024 AM62D-Q1

 

  1.   1
  2.   Abstract
  3.   Trademarks
  4. 1Introduction
    1. 1.1 Load Binaries to AM62D
  5. 2Processor Core Benchmarks
    1. 2.1 C7x DSP Benchmark
      1. 2.1.1 Fast Fourier Transform
      2. 2.1.2 Digital Signal Processing
        1. 2.1.2.1 FIR
        2. 2.1.2.2 Cascade Biquad
        3. 2.1.2.3 Dot Product
      3. 2.1.3 Mathematical Operations
    2. 2.2 Dhrystone on A53 cores
  6. 3Memory System Benchmarks
    1. 3.1 Critical Memory Access Latency
    2. 3.2 UDMA: DDR to DDR Data Copy
    3. 3.3 C7x DRU Performance: Block Copy with DMA
  7. 4Application Specific Benchmarks
    1. 4.1 SBL Boot Time
    2. 4.2 IPC Performance
    3. 4.3 Flash
    4. 4.4 Application Specific Latency
  8. 5Summary
  9. 6References

2.2 Dhrystone on A53 cores

Dhrystone benchmark focuses on the processor core performance and runs from warm L1 caches in all modern processors. The benchmark scales linearly with clock speed. Even though the benchmark was introduced in 1984 by Reinhold P. Weicker, Dhrystone still gets used in embedded processing. The industry has adopted the VAX 11/780 as the reference 1 MIPS machine. The VAX 11/780 achieves 1757 Dhrystones per second. The score calculated by normalizing the time the benchmark loop takes to run by the reference 1 MIPS machine score of 1757. This is common to further normalize to DMIPS, MHz, core as the score scales linearly with clock speed. For standard Arm cores, the DMIPS, MHz is identical to the same compiler and flags. Dhrystone is a single core benchmark, a simple sum of multiple cores running the benchmark in parallel is sometimes used.

The Dhrystone (Version 2.1, C Language) benchmark is included in the FREERTOS-SDK as a freeRTOS project. The project is at <freertos-sdk root>/examples/kernel/freertos/dhrystone_benchmark. This project is executed on one of the Arm-Cortex-A53 cores. Due to the short execution time, TI suggests to run the test for high number of iterations to measure accurate results. By default, the example runs the test for 30 million iterations. The code is modified to run for 100 million iterations. Results showed that the results for 30 million and 100 million are comparable. The code block below shows a short version of the terminal printout for Dhrystone benchmark execution.

Image loading done, switching to application ...   
Starting RTOS/Baremetal applications   

[DHRYSTONE BENCHMARKING] Iterations                       : 100000000 
[DHRYSTONE BENCHMARKING] Threads                          : 1 
[DHRYSTONE BENCHMARKING] Dhrystones per second            : 7602786.5  
 
[DHRYSTONE BENCHMARKING] Iterations                       : 100000000 
[DHRYSTONE BENCHMARKING] Threads                          : 2 
[DHRYSTONE BENCHMARKING] Dhrystones per second            : 7665291.5 
  
[DHRYSTONE BENCHMARKING] Iterations                       : 100000000 
[DHRYSTONE BENCHMARKING] Threads                          : 5 
[DHRYSTONE BENCHMARKING] Dhrystones per second            : 7652734.0 
  
[DHRYSTONE BENCHMARKING] Iterations                       : 100000000 
[DHRYSTONE BENCHMARKING] Threads                          : 10 
[DHRYSTONE BENCHMARKING] Dhrystones per second            : 7665313.     

All tests have passed!!

Table 2-7 shows the results for this benchmark. The aggregate scores for AM62Ax with four A53 cores running at 1.4GHz is 17,308 DMIPS.

Table 2-7 Dhrystone Benchmarks
Arm-Cortex-A53 (1.4GHz)
Dhrystones/s 7,602,786.5
Normalized Dhrystones (divide by 1757 reference for 1MIPS) 4,327
DMIPS/MHz each core Approx. 3
Operating system freeRTOS