SBAA532A February   2022  – March 2024 ADS1119 , ADS1120 , ADS1120-Q1 , ADS112C04 , ADS112U04 , ADS1130 , ADS1131 , ADS114S06 , ADS114S06B , ADS114S08 , ADS114S08B , ADS1158 , ADS1219 , ADS1220 , ADS122C04 , ADS122U04 , ADS1230 , ADS1231 , ADS1232 , ADS1234 , ADS1235 , ADS1235-Q1 , ADS124S06 , ADS124S08 , ADS1250 , ADS1251 , ADS1252 , ADS1253 , ADS1254 , ADS1255 , ADS1256 , ADS1257 , ADS1258 , ADS1258-EP , ADS1259 , ADS1259-Q1 , ADS125H01 , ADS125H02 , ADS1260 , ADS1260-Q1 , ADS1261 , ADS1261-Q1 , ADS1262 , ADS1263 , ADS127L01 , ADS130E08 , ADS131A02 , ADS131A04 , ADS131E04 , ADS131E06 , ADS131E08 , ADS131E08S , ADS131M02 , ADS131M03 , ADS131M04 , ADS131M06 , ADS131M08

 

  1.   1
  2.   Abstract
  3.   Trademarks
  4. 1Bridge Overview
  5. 2Bridge Construction
    1. 2.1 Active Elements in Bridge Topologies
      1. 2.1.1 Bridge With One Active Element
        1. 2.1.1.1 Reducing Non-Linearity in a Bridge With One Active Element Using Current Excitation
      2. 2.1.2 Bridge With Two Active Elements in Opposite Branches
        1. 2.1.2.1 Eliminating Non-Linearity in a Bridge With Two Active Elements in Opposite Branches Using Current Excitation
      3. 2.1.3 Bridge With Two Active Elements in the Same Branch
      4. 2.1.4 Bridge With Four Active Elements
    2. 2.2 Strain Gauge and Bridge Construction
  6. 3Bridge Connections
    1. 3.1 Ratiometric Measurements
    2. 3.2 Four-Wire Bridge
    3. 3.3 Six-Wire Bridge
  7. 4Electrical Characteristics of Bridge Measurements
    1. 4.1 Bridge Sensitivity
    2. 4.2 Bridge Resistance
    3. 4.3 Output Common-Mode Voltage
    4. 4.4 Offset Voltage
    5. 4.5 Full-Scale Error
    6. 4.6 Non-Linearity Error and Hysteresis
    7. 4.7 Drift
    8. 4.8 Creep and Creep Recovery
  8. 5Signal Chain Design Considerations
    1. 5.1 Amplification
      1. 5.1.1 Instrumentation Amplifier
        1. 5.1.1.1 INA Architecture and Operation
        2. 5.1.1.2 INA Error Sources
      2. 5.1.2 Integrated PGA
        1. 5.1.2.1 Integrated PGA Architecture and Operation
        2. 5.1.2.2 Benefits of Using an Integrated PGA
    2. 5.2 Noise
      1. 5.2.1 Noise in an ADC Data Sheet
      2. 5.2.2 Calculating NFC for a Bridge Measurement System
    3. 5.3 Channel Scan Time and Signal Bandwidth
      1. 5.3.1 Noise Performance
      2. 5.3.2 ADC Conversion Latency
      3. 5.3.3 Digital Filter Frequency Response
    4. 5.4 AC Excitation
    5. 5.5 Calibration
      1. 5.5.1 Offset Calibration
      2. 5.5.2 Gain Calibration
      3. 5.5.3 Calibration Example
  9. 6Bridge Measurement Circuits
    1. 6.1 Four-Wire Resistive Bridge Measurement with a Ratiometric Reference and a Unipolar, Low-Voltage (≤5 V) Excitation Source
      1. 6.1.1 Schematic
      2. 6.1.2 Pros and Cons
      3. 6.1.3 Parameters and Variables
      4. 6.1.4 Design Notes
      5. 6.1.5 Measurement Conversion
      6. 6.1.6 Generic Register Settings
    2. 6.2 Six-Wire Resistive Bridge Measurement With a Ratiometric Reference and a Unipolar, Low-Voltage (≤ 5 V) Excitation Source
      1. 6.2.1 Schematic
      2. 6.2.2 Pros and Cons
      3. 6.2.3 Parameters and Variables
      4. 6.2.4 Design Notes
      5. 6.2.5 Measurement Conversion
      6. 6.2.6 Generic Register Settings
    3. 6.3 Four-Wire Resistive Bridge Measurement With a Pseudo-Ratiometric Reference and a Unipolar, High-Voltage (> 5 V) Excitation Source
      1. 6.3.1 Schematic
      2. 6.3.2 Pros and Cons
      3. 6.3.3 Parameters and Variables
      4. 6.3.4 Design Notes
      5. 6.3.5 Measurement Conversion
      6. 6.3.6 Generic Register Settings
    4. 6.4 Four-Wire Resistive Bridge Measurement with a Pseudo-Ratiometric Reference and Asymmetric, High-Voltage (> 5 V) Excitation Source
      1. 6.4.1 Schematic
      2. 6.4.2 Pros and Cons
      3. 6.4.3 Parameters and Variables
      4. 6.4.4 Design Notes
      5. 6.4.5 Measurement Conversion
      6. 6.4.6 Generic Register Settings
    5. 6.5 Four-Wire Resistive Bridge Measurement With a Ratiometric Reference and Current Excitation
      1. 6.5.1 Schematic
      2. 6.5.2 Pros and Cons
      3. 6.5.3 Parameters and Variables
      4. 6.5.4 Design Notes
      5. 6.5.5 Measurement Conversion
      6. 6.5.6 Generic Register Settings
    6. 6.6 Measuring Multiple Four-Wire Resistive Bridges in Series with a Pseudo-Ratiometric Reference and a Unipolar, Low-Voltage (≤5V) Excitation Source
      1. 6.6.1 Schematic
      2. 6.6.2 Pros and Cons
      3. 6.6.3 Parameters and Variables
      4. 6.6.4 Design Notes
      5. 6.6.5 Measurement Conversion
      6. 6.6.6 Generic Register Settings
    7. 6.7 Measuring Multiple Four-Wire Resistive Bridges in Parallel Using a Single-Channel ADC With a Ratiometric Reference and a Unipolar, Low-Voltage (≤ 5 V) Excitation Source
      1. 6.7.1 Schematic
      2. 6.7.2 Pros and Cons
      3. 6.7.3 Parameters and Variables
      4. 6.7.4 Design Notes
      5. 6.7.5 Measurement Conversion
      6. 6.7.6 Generic Register Settings
    8. 6.8 Measuring Multiple Four-Wire Resistive Bridges in Parallel Using a Multichannel ADC With a Ratiometric Reference and a Unipolar, Low-Voltage (≤ 5 V) Excitation Source
      1. 6.8.1 Schematic
      2. 6.8.2 Pros and Cons
      3. 6.8.3 Parameters and Variables
      4. 6.8.4 Design Notes
      5. 6.8.5 Measurement Conversion
      6. 6.8.6 Generic Register Settings
  10. 7Summary
  11. 8Revision History

6.7.3 Parameters and Variables

Table 6-18 defines important parameters and Table 6-19 provides equations for different variables. These parameters and variables are specific to this bridge configuration.

Table 6-16 User-Defined System Parameters
Parameter Description
VEXCITATION Excitation voltage applied to the parallel combination of all bridges
RBRIDGE (1) Nominal impedance of each bridge
Bridge Sensitivity (1) Change in bridge output voltage relative to excitation voltage
Load(Bridge Max)(1) Maximum load that can be applied to the bridge
(1) Should be the same for each bridge
Table 6-17 Variable Equations and Definitions
Variable Equation Description

VCM(Bridge)

 (VEXCITATION+ – VEXCITATION–) / 2

Output common-mode voltage for all bridges
Load(System Max) # of bridges • Load(Bridge Max) Maximum load applied to the bridge in the system
(can be > Load(Bridge Max))

VOUT(Bridge Max)

VEXCITATION • Bridge Sensitivity

Maximum differential output voltage of each bridge

VOUT(Max)

 # of bridges • VOUT(Bridge Max) Maximum combined differential voltage for all bridges

VIN

VSIGNAL+ – VSIGNAL–

Differential input voltage to the ADC
VREF VEXCITATION+ – VEXCITATION– Differential reference voltage to the ADC