SLYY228 November   2024

 

  1.   1
  2.   Introduction
  3.   Basics of USB Type-C®
    1.     Abstract
    2.     USB-C data speeds and power levels
    3.     Data and power roles
    4.     USB-C pinout and reversibility
    5.     USB-C cable detection and orientation
    6.     When do you need a USB PD controller?
  4.   History of USB Type-C®
    1.     Abstract
    2.     USB connector basics
    3.     USB and USB PD protocol history
    4.     USB-C vs. USB PD
    5.     Evolution of the USB PD 3.1 specification
  5.   Introduction and Overview of the USB Type-C® and USB PD Specifications
    1.     Abstract
    2.     USB-C connections
    3.     VCONN and messaging types
    4.     Negotiating USB PD power over CC wires
    5.     Data-role swaps
    6.     Power-role swaps
    7.     Introduction to USB PD alternate mode
    8.     Introduction to EPR
  6.   USB signals over USB Type-C®
    1.     Introduction
    2.     USB 2.0 Signaling Over Type-C
    3.     Low speed and full speed
    4.     High speed
    5.     Low-, full- and high-speed data rates
    6.     USB 2.0 signal integrity
    7.     SuperSpeed Signaling over USB-C
    8.     SuperSpeed startup speed negotiation
    9.     SuperSpeed signal integrity challenges
  7.   Signal Multiplexing for USB Type-C®
    1.     USB-C USB 2.0
    2.     USB-C USB 3
    3.     USB PD DisplayPort™ alternate mode multiplexing
    4.     DisplayPort source device (DFP_D) pin assignment C
    5.     DisplayPort source device (DFP_D) pin assignment D
    6.     DisplayPort source device (DFP_D) pin assignment E
    7.     DisplayPort sink device (UFP_D) pin assignment C
    8.     DisplayPort sink device (UFP_D) pin assignment D
    9.     DisplayPort sink device (UFP_D) pin assignment E
  8.   USB4
    1.     USB4 Overview
    2.     USB4 discover and entry process
    3.     USB4 System
    4.     Sideband Communication
    5.     USB4 lanes and data rates
    6.     Loss Budget
    7.     Supporting DisplayPort Alternate Mode and USB4 over SBU1 and SBU2
  9.   Introduction to eUSB2
    1.     Abstract
    2.     eUSB2 overview
    3.     eUSB2 modes
    4.     Other features
  10.   Extended Power Range (EPR)
    1.     Abstract
    2.     What is EPR?
    3.     Technical specifications
    4.     Safety implications >100W
    5.     Handling power negotiation with TI’s PD controllers
    6.     Conclusion
  11.   USB Type-C® and USB power delivery common use cases and block diagrams
    1.     5V USB-C source-only port (no USB PD)
    2.     Basic functional blocks
    3.     5V USB-C source-only port with USB 3.0 data (no USB PD)
    4.     5V USB-C sink-only port (no USB PD)
    5.     5V USB-C DRP (no USB PD)
    6.     20V USB-C source-only port with USB PD
    7.     20V USB-C sink-only port with USB PD
    8.     5V source, 20V sink USB-C port with USB PD and DisplayPort™ Alternate Mode
    9.     20V USB-C DRP with USB PD and a battery charger
  12.   End equipment-specific block diagrams
    1.     Abstract
    2.     Laptops and industrial PCs
    3.     Docking station
    4.     Bluetooth® speaker
    5.     Wi-Fi® routers and smart speakers
    6.     Power tools
  13.   Benefits of a TI PD Controller
    1.     Abstract
    2.     TI solutions to common design challenges
      1.      TI offers highly integrated solution
      2.      TI offers simple configuration tool
      3.      TI products are rigorously validated and USB-IF certified
    3.     Other benefits of using TI PD controllers
      1.      TI offers complete reference design
      2.      TI offers great customer support
      3.      Conclusion

USB and USB PD protocol history

In terms of the protocol itself, there are now a total of six USB specifications defined by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF): USB 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2 and 4.0. However, USB 1.0 is essentially no longer used, so USB 2.0 through USB 4.0 are the standards referenced today.

In 2012, the first USB PD 1.0 specification was released, but was quickly followed in 2014 by the USB 2.0 version to stipulate the use of the USB-C connector and to clean up some of the technical details for five supportable power-supply levels: 15W, 27W, 45W, 60W and 100W.

USB PD 3.0 came out in 2018, adding some flexibility to the standard to better suit a wide range of devices. It improved the communication protocol to support features such as battery condition monitoring, enhanced security and fast role swapping. It also introduced the Programmable Power Supply (PPS) protocol, which allowed voltage levels at 20mV granular increments. This enabled custom voltage negotiation for fast-charging applications requiring a fine-tuned voltage level.

The USB PD 3.1 specification was released in 2021. This was a major update to enable the delivery of as much as 240W of power over a USB-C cable and connector. Going beyond 100W to 240W is known as Extended Power Range (EPR), while the previous USB PD range is now known as Standard Power Range (SPR).

USB Specification Evolution Figure 7 USB Specification Evolution

In contrast to the previous USB protocols, the USB 4.0 standard requires USB-C connectors, given the increase in supported features. Additionally, a new development in USB 4.0 allows for DisplayPort™ and PCI Express (PCIe).

A later chapter will dive into further details, but at a high level, here are some aspects of USB and Thunderbolt technology:

  • USB 3.2:
    • USB 3.2 Gen 1 (formerly USB 3.0), SuperSpeed up to 5Gbps.
    • USB 3.2 Gen 2 (formerly USB 3.1), SuperSpeed up to 10Gbps.
    • USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 (actual USB 3.2), SuperSpeed up to 20Gbps.
    • Multilane operation with two lanes of 10Gbps for 20Gbps data rates.
    • Does not require a USB PD power contract.
  • Thunderbolt 3:
    • Combines USB (2.0, 3.0 and 3.1), PCIe and DisplayPort into single interface.
    • Requires a USB PD contract.
    • Enabled once Intel’s Thunderbolt 3 Alternate Mode is negotiated.
  • USB 4.0:
    • Two-lane operation using existing USB-C cables and up to 40Gbps operation.
    • Backward compatibility with USB 3.2, USB 2.0 and Thunderbolt 3.
    • Requires a USB PD power contract.
    • Does not depend on Alternate Mode entry.

Figure 8 shows a visual comparison of the USB data transfer speeds.

USB data transfer speeds Figure 8 USB data transfer speeds

To simplify a USB network, there is one host and one device. Typically, the PC is the host, and a smartphone, tablet or camera is the device. In terms of data and power, power flows from the host to the device, while data can flow in both directions.

A USB 1.0 and 2.0 standard downstream port can deliver up to 500mA or 0.5A at a data rate of up to 480Mbps. USB 3.0 provides up to 900mA or 0.9A, at a data rate of. These power output specifications are a rating based on the 5V from each standard output. However, the dedicated USB 3.0 charging and charging downstream ports provide up to 1,500mA or 1.5A, which translates into 7.5W.