Block Diagram (SBD) - Dialysis Machine

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Block Diagram

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Design Considerations

A Dialysis Machine is an artificial kidney that treats the blood or persons with inadequate kidney function. Dialysis Machines are processor based pieces of equipment incorporating electromechanically controlled extracorporeal blood paths that leverage pumps and semi permeable dialyzer membranes to filter the patient’s blood. From an operational perspective, dialysis equipment need to meet specific safety criteria, one of which is single-fault tolerance. This means that no single point of failure in the pumps, motors, tubes, or electronics will endanger the patient or expose them to a hazardous condition. This means that there will be several redundant components and circuits, as well as "watchdog" managed disengage mechanisms in the system. These devices may include both active and passive components such as Control devices, sensors, motors, heaters, pumps, and valve drivers. Often a "Safe Mode" of operation would mean disabling the Arterial blood pump and clamping the venous line to prevent unsafe blood from flowing to the patient.

Typical Electronic Circuits in the Dialysis Machine could be:

Sensor Control Board: Contains Analog to Digital Converters, precision references, Clocks and VCOs as well as instrumentation or operation amplifiers. Although these circuits need to respond quickly, the devices included here are often geared more towards precision than what is considered high speed today. Part of that is also driven by the need to verify a measurement or alarm signal and coordinating the response across the entire system, versus just reacting to random stimuli. The A/Ds used here would provide high reliability, good noise immunity (note that there are motors and pumps in the system), and good precision.
Arterial And Venous Control Card: These portions of a system may include functions like; Arterial and Venous Pressure Sensors, Blood Pumps, Line Clamps, Level Sensors, blood detection Sensors, and various other monitoring and control features. Since TI's C2xxx DSPs are targeted at Motor drive and Industrial Sensor applications, they are ideally suited as the microcontroller for these blocks. Providing not only the drive and diagnostic capabilities, but also allowing the implementation of RPM, and motor coil current sensing, as well as reading the pressure transducers. There can also support the redundancy required in the system at a minimal cost impact.
Motor/Pump Drivers: There are a number of motors, pumps, valves and heaters in a Dialysis machine. Each may need a specific drive circuit, where as some may be able to be driven directly for a C2xxx controller. Selecting the right D/A converter and drive amplifier is important to the control of the motor/pump, as well as to the life expectancy of the motor/pump. Driving any of the values or motors to hard, with signals that are to noisy can cause them to run hot and degrade quickly, as well as impact the overall comfort of the patient connected to the machine.

From TI's C2xxx family of high performance 32-Bit Controllers, through its Precisions Analog offering of Amplifiers and Data Converters, to a broad range of power management solutions, the right components with the right support are available from TI.

Application Notes (4)

Title	Abstract	Type	Size (KB)	Date	Views
A Single-Chip Pulsoximeter Design Using the MSP430 (Rev. B)	Read Abstract	HTM	9 KB	09 Feb 2012	3506
ADC Source Impedance for Hercules ARM Safety MCUs (Rev. B)	Read Abstract	HTM	8 KB	06 Sep 2011	908
EEPROM Emulation With the TMS320F28xxx DSCs	Read Abstract	HTM	9 KB	21 Sep 2009	2556
An Overview of Designing Analog Interface With TM320F28xx/28xxx DSCs (Rev. A)	Read Abstract	HTM	9 KB	14 May 2008	1145

Selection and Solution Guides

Selection Guides (2)

Title	Abstract	Type	Size (KB)	Date	Views
Medical Applications Guide (Rev. G)		PDF	9.03 MB	02 Apr 2013	13116
Diagnostic, Patient Monitoring and Therapy Applications Guide (Rev. A)		PDF	11.49 MB	05 Aug 2010	3354

Solution Guides (1)

Title	Abstract	Type	Size (KB)	Date	Views
Motor Control Solutions Brochure (Rev. F)		PDF	3.94 MB	26 Oct 2012	24186

Tools and Software

Name	Part #	Company	Software/Tool Type
Delfino C28343 controlCARD	TMDSCNCD28343	Texas Instruments	Evaluation Modules & Boards
F28035 Piccolo controlCARD	TMDSCNCD28035	Texas Instruments	Evaluation Modules & Boards
F28044 controlCARD	TMDSCNCD28044	Texas Instruments	Daughter Cards
MSP430 100-Pin Target board and USB Programmer	MSP-FET430U100	Texas Instruments	Evaluation Modules & Boards
MSP430 80-Pin Target board and USB Programmer	MSP-FET430U80	Texas Instruments	Evaluation Modules & Boards
MSP430F5xx 100-Pin Target board and USB Programmer	MSP-FET430U5X100	Texas Instruments	Evaluation Modules & Boards
MSP430FG4618/F2013 Experimenter Board	MSP-EXP430FG4618	Texas Instruments	Evaluation Modules & Boards
Piccolo controlCARD	TMDSCNCD28027	Texas Instruments	Evaluation Modules & Boards
TMDXRM48HDK Hercules Development Kit	TMDXRM48HDK	Texas Instruments	Evaluation Modules & Boards
TMS320F2808 controlCARD	TMDSCNCD2808	Texas Instruments	Daughter Cards
TMS320F28335 controlCARD	TMDSCNCD28335	Texas Instruments	Daughter Cards

News Releases & Authored Articles

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Training & Events

Name	Type	Available During
Introduction to Medical Imaging	Recorded Content	On Demand
Sensor Signal Conditioning and Interface for Medical	Recorded Content	On Demand
C2000 Industrial Control Workshop	In-Person	17 Sep 2013 - 19 Sep 2013
C2000 Multi Day Hands on Workshop	In-Person	02 Jul 2013 - 05 Jul 2013
TMS320C2000 Microcontroller Workshop	In-Person	10 Dec 2013 - 12 Dec 2013

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Dialysis Machine