Design Goals

Design Description

This high-speed, isolated undervoltage and overvoltage detection circuit is implemented with a dual isolated window comparator with an adjustable threshold (AMC23C14). This circuit is designed for industrial field-supply applications where the controller-side must detect whether the remote module supply voltage is in a valid range.

The AMC23C14 is selected for its robust reinforced isolation with a high CMTI of 100 kV/μs (minimum), the adjustable dual window comparator thresholds, a wide high-side supply voltage range (3 V to 27 V), and the extended industrial temperature range (–40°C to +125°C).

Undervoltage and Overvoltage Detection Circuit Schematic

Design Notes

1. To minimize errors, choose precision resistors for the voltage divider (R₅ and R₆) and the threshold-setting resistor (R₁).
2. The AMC23C14 is powered from the field supply and is protected against voltage > 30 V (absolute maximum supply) by a Zener diode and shunt resistor.
3. Select the voltage divider and threshold-setting resistors based on the desired operating voltage range.

Design Steps

1. Determine the voltage divider ratio needed to trip the fixed internal 300-mV threshold when the power supply exceeds the minimum valid operating voltage of 20.4 (24 V – 15%). Size the total resistance of the voltage divider to set its current at 100 μA when the V_supp is at the desired operating voltage of 24 V.
   $IN=V_{supp}\left(\frac{R_6}{R_5+R_6}\right)$
   $300 mV=20.4 V\left(\frac{R_6}{R_5+R_6}\right)$
   $V_{supp}=100 \mu A\times (R_5+R_6)$
   $24 V=100 \mu A\times (R_5+R_6)$

   Solving the system of equations results in R₅ = 236 kΩ, R₆ = 3.52 kΩ.

   • Using the Analog Engineer's Calculator, the closest E96 resistor value is 237 kΩ and 3.48 kΩ.
2. Size the threshold-setting resistor to trip the adjustable-threshold comparator when the power supply exceeds 28.8 V (24 V + 20%).
   $IN=V_{supp}\left(\frac{R_6}{R_5+R_6}\right)$
   $IN=28.8 V\left(\frac{3.52 k\Omega }{237 k\Omega +3.52 k\Omega }\right)$
   $IN=0.42 V$
   $V_{ref} = IN$
   $R_1=\frac{V_{ref}}{I_{ref}}= \frac{0.42 V}{100 \mu A}=4.2 k\mathrm{\Omega }$
3. Select a 27-V Zener diode to protect the AMC23C14 from voltages greater than the recommended operating supply voltage.

Design Simulations

The following images are SPICE simulation waveforms of the undervoltage and overvoltage detection circuit. Included is the VDD1 input, which shows the Zener diode protects the VDD1 input from voltages outside of its operating range. SPICE Simulation of the Undervoltage and Overvoltage Detection Circuit - Rising shows the Spice simulation with the output trigger points on a rising input voltage. SPICE Simulation of the Undervoltage and Overvoltage Detection Circuit - Falling shows a similar image but with the output trigger points on a falling input voltage. Comparing the two figures, the trigger points differ by 0.3 V with the falling voltage input having a lower trigger value.

SPICE Simulation of the Undervoltage and Overvoltage Detection Circuit - Rising

SPICE Simulation of the Undervoltage and Overvoltage Detection Circuit - Falling

Measured Response

The following images show the measured output of the undervoltage and overvoltage detection circuit, comparing the outputs to the V_supp voltage (trace 1). The AMC23C14 has open-drain outputs that are normally pulled up to VDD2, and is driven low when the input voltage exceeds the threshold voltage of each comparator. In these measurements OUT1 (trace 3) transitions low if V_supp exceeds 28.8 V, and OUT2 transitions low if Vsupp exceeds 20.8 V. Component variations and the comparator hysteresis can affect the trip thresholds, but in this case the trip point is within less than 1% of the desired values. The voltage thresholds vary slightly if V_supp is rising or falling. The second waveform depicts this with OUT1 triggering at 28.6 V instead of 28.8 V.

Waveform Capture With V_supp Increasing

Waveform Capture With V_supp Decreasing

The following images show the measured output of the undervoltage and overvoltage detection circuit, comparing the AMC23C14 outputs to the VIN voltage (trace 2). These measurements confirm that the comparator trip thresholds match the desired values set by the internal comparator threshold at 300 mV, and the externally set threshold at 420 mV as defined in the equation in 2 of the Design Steps section.

Waveform of IN When V_supp is Increasing

Waveform of IN When V_supp is Decreasing

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Design References

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Texas Instruments, AMC23C14 AMC23C14 Dual, Fast Response, Reinforced Isolated Window Comparator With Adjustable Threshold data sheet